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Accurate analysis of complex samples often requires advanced preparation techniques to achieve reliable and reproducible results. Samples containing inorganic or organic materials can be challenging to dissolve or decompose effectively. Standard sample preparation methods include acid digestion, fusion, dry ashing, and wet digestion.
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Employing Pressurized Hot Water Extraction PHWE to Explore Natural Products Chemistry in the Undergraduate Laboratory
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Efficient utilization of licorice root by alkaline extraction.

Hirokazu Ohno1, Shozo Miyoshi2, Daisuke Araho2

  • 1Maruzen Pharmaceuticals Co. Ltd., Shibuya, Tokyo, Japan h-ohno@maruzenpcy.co.jp.

In Vivo (Athens, Greece)
|September 6, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Alkaline extraction of licorice root yields more active compounds than water extraction. This method enhances anti-HIV and antibacterial properties, offering a superior approach for isolating potent medicinal agents.

Keywords:
CYP3A4 inhibitionLicorice rootalkaline extractanti-HIVantibacterialfractionationhormesisradical scavenging

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Area of Science:

  • Natural Product Chemistry
  • Pharmacology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Limited research exists on alkaline plant extracts compared to water extracts.
  • Licorice root (Glycyrrhiza glabra) is a known source of bioactive compounds.
  • Investigating extraction methods is crucial for optimizing the yield and potency of natural products.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the biological activities of water and alkaline extracts of licorice root.
  • To determine the optimal extraction method for anti-HIV and antibacterial agents from licorice root.
  • To characterize the fractions of alkaline extracts for specific activities.

Main Methods:

  • Successive extraction of licorice root using water and alkaline solutions (pH 9 and 12).
  • Fractionation of the pH 12.0 alkaline extract using 50% ethanol.
  • Assays for viable cell number (MTT), antibacterial activity (turbidity), CYP3A4 inhibition, and radical scavenging (ESR spectroscopy).

Main Results:

  • Alkaline extraction yielded higher amounts of dried material and demonstrated superior anti-HIV and antibacterial activities compared to water extraction.
  • Radical scavenging and CYP3A4 inhibitory activities were comparable between water and alkaline extracts.
  • Anti-HIV activity was concentrated in the insoluble fraction, while antibacterial activity was found in the soluble fraction rich in glycyrrhizic acid, flavanones, and chalcones.

Conclusions:

  • Alkaline extraction (pH 12.0) is a superior method for obtaining higher yields of anti-HIV and antibacterial agents from licorice root compared to water extraction.
  • Fractionation of alkaline extracts allows for the targeted isolation of specific bioactive compounds.
  • The findings support the use of alkaline extraction for developing potent natural-based therapeutics.