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Bacteriophages, or phages, are viruses that specifically infect bacteria. Among them, T-even bacteriophages, such as T4, exhibit a well-characterized lytic replication cycle in Escherichia coli (E. coli). This process ensures the rapid proliferation of the virus while ultimately leading to the destruction of the bacterial host.Attachment and DNA InjectionThe infection process begins with the recognition and binding of the T4 phage to the E. coli cell surface. Tail fibers of the phage...
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Bacteriophages, or phages, are viruses that specifically infect bacteria, utilizing their genetic material to hijack host cellular machinery for replication. DNA bacteriophages employ single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) or double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) genomes. These phages exhibit diverse replication strategies and host interactions, influencing their ecological roles and applications in biotechnology and medicine.ssDNA BacteriophagesssDNA phages, with their small genomes, utilize unique strategies to...
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Bacteriophages, also known as phages, are specialized viruses that infect bacteria. A key characteristic of phages is their distinctive “head-tail” morphology. A phage begins the infection process (i.e., lytic cycle) by attaching to the outside of a bacterial cell. Attachment is accomplished via proteins in the phage tail that bind to specific receptor proteins on the outer surface of the bacterium. The tail injects the phage’s DNA genome into the bacterial cytoplasm. In the...
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Lysogenic Cycle of Bacteriophages00:43

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In contrast to the lytic cycle, phages infecting bacteria via the lysogenic cycle do not immediately kill their host cell. Instead, they combine their genome with the host genome, allowing the bacteria to replicate the phage DNA along with the bacterial genome. The incorporated copy of the phage genome is called the prophage. Some prophages can re-activate and enter the lytic cycle. This often occurs in response to a perturbation, such as DNA damage, but can also transpire in the absence of...
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The lysogenic cycle is a crucial viral replication strategy that allows bacteriophages to persist within host cells without immediately destroying them. This process is primarily observed in temperate phages, such as bacteriophage lambda (λ), which infects Escherichia coli. The cycle allows the viral genome to persist across bacterial generations while keeping host cells viable.Integration of the Viral GenomeUpon infection, bacteriophage lambda attaches to the bacterial surface and injects...
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Pathogen colonization of host tissues is a critical step in the development of infectious diseases. Various pathogenic microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, viruses, and protozoa, have evolved complex strategies to attach to, invade, and persist within host environments. These mechanisms enable pathogens to establish infections, evade immune responses, and resist antimicrobial treatments.Attachment to Host CellsIn bacteria, colonization typically begins with adherence to host epithelial...
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Phage-host interplay: examples from tailed phages and Gram-negative bacterial pathogens.

Soraya Chaturongakul1, Puey Ounjai2

  • 1Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University Bangkok, Thailand ; Center for Emerging Bacterial Infections, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University Bangkok, Thailand.

Frontiers in Microbiology
|September 6, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Bacteriophages (phages) interact with bacterial hosts, influencing microbial communities and gene expression. Understanding these phage-host dynamics is key for developing biological controls against pathogens.

Keywords:
bacteriophagehost–phage dynamicshost–phage interactionmicrobial communityphage resistance mechanism

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Ecology

Background:

  • Bacteriophages (phages) are viruses that infect bacteria and significantly impact microbial community structure.
  • Phage-host interactions, including genetic transduction and gene expression modification, are crucial for microbial ecology.
  • Phage survival and diversification depend on their ability to adapt to bacterial hosts and overcome resistance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the physical interactions between tailed bacteriophages and bacterial pathogens.
  • To summarize the influence of phages on bacterial host gene expression.
  • To explore insights into phage-host dynamics for novel biological control strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing research on bacteriophage-bacterial host interactions.
  • Analysis of studies focusing on physical interactions during phage entry.
  • Examination of research on phage-induced modifications of bacterial gene expression.

Main Results:

  • Co-evolution of phage tail fibers and bacterial receptors dictates host range and infection mechanisms.
  • Phage interactions modulate bacterial gene expression, affecting community dynamics.
  • Successful phage adaptation to host resistance is vital for phage abundance and diversification.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding physical phage-host interactions provides insights into microbial community assembly.
  • Phage-host dynamics are critical for bacterial pathogen evolution and survival.
  • Knowledge of these interactions can inform the development of phage-based biological control agents.