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Related Concept Videos

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease II: Emphysema01:23

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease II: Emphysema

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Emphysema, a major phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), is characterized by irreversible destruction of alveolar walls and permanent enlargement of distal airspaces. Unlike chronic bronchitis, which primarily affects the airways, emphysema predominantly involves the lung parenchyma, where structural damage leads to airflow limitation.PathophysiologyIt most commonly results from prolonged exposure to cigarette smoke and other toxic gases, particularly cigarette smoke.
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Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Pathogenesis01:30

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Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a severe health condition in which the mean pulmonary arterial pressure increases to 25 mmHg or more, even when the body is at rest. This high pressure in the blood vessels that transport blood from the heart to the lungs can cause various symptoms, including shortness of breath, can lead to right heart failure, and significantly affect the overall quality of life.
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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-II: Pathophysiology01:20

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Atypical Pneumonia01:14

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Atypical pneumonia, often caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, is a form of pulmonary infection that differs from the classical presentation of bacterial pneumonia in both its cause and clinical symptoms. Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a pleomorphic bacterium notable for its lack of a rigid cell wall. This structural characteristic imparts resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics and significantly influences the bacterium’s behavior within the human host.Other pathogens responsible for the disease...
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Pulmonary Edema II: Pathophysiology01:18

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Pulmonary edema is the accumulation of fluid in the interstitial and alveolar spaces of the lungs, impairing gas exchange and oxygen delivery. It may be cardiogenic or noncardiogenic, but both reduce oxygenation and lung compliance.Cardiogenic Pulmonary EdemaCardiogenic edema results from increased hydrostatic pressure in pulmonary capillaries, usually due to left ventricular dysfunction from myocardial infarction, heart failure, or valvular disease. Ineffective cardiac pumping causes blood to...
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Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology01:29

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The pathophysiology of pneumonia involves the following steps:
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Related Experiment Video

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Development of a Neonatal Piglet Acute Lung Injury Model Recreating the Early Environment of Preterm Infant Lungs
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Pediatric pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis: a case report.

Payam Mehrian1, Soheila Khalilzadeh2, Maryam Hassanzad2

  • 1Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Tanaffos
|September 6, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis, a rare lung disease, involves tiny deposits in the alveoli. This case report details a child diagnosed via imaging and biopsy, highlighting diagnostic methods for this infiltrative pulmonary disease.

Keywords:
MicrolithiasisPediatricPulmonary

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Area of Science:

  • Pulmonology
  • Radiology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis (PAM) is a rare infiltrative lung disease.
  • Characterized by the widespread deposition of calcium phosphate microliths within the pulmonary alveoli.

Observation:

  • A 5-year-old girl presented with symptoms mimicking a common cold and appetite loss.
  • Initial chest radiography revealed diffuse, small, dense nodules throughout both lungs.

Findings:

  • High-resolution CT scan demonstrated extensive micronodular infiltration and ground-glass opacities, primarily in the upper anterior lung regions.
  • Septal thickening was also noted on CT.
  • Trans-bronchial biopsy definitively confirmed the presence of microliths, establishing the diagnosis of pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis.

Implications:

  • This case underscores the importance of advanced imaging techniques like HRCT in diagnosing rare pulmonary conditions.
  • Early diagnosis and characterization of pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis are crucial for patient management.
  • Highlights the diagnostic utility of trans-bronchial biopsy in infiltrative lung diseases.