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Related Concept Videos

Ferromagnetism01:31

Ferromagnetism

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Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...
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Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
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Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview01:03

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview

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NMR-active nuclei have energy levels called 'spin states' that are associated with the orientations of their nuclear magnetic moments. In the absence of a magnetic field, the nuclear magnetic moments are randomly oriented, and the spin states are degenerate. When an external magnetic field is applied, the spin states have only 2 + 1 orientations available to them. A proton with = ½ has two available orientations. Similarly, for a quadrupolar nucleus with a nuclear spin value of one, the...
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Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

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Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
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Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes01:23

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes

1.1K
In the absence of an external magnetic field, nuclear spin states are degenerate and randomly oriented. When a magnetic field is applied, the spins begin to precess and orient themselves along (lower energy) or against (higher energy) the direction of the field. At equilibrium, a slight excess population of spins exists in the lower energy state. Because the direction of the magnetic field is fixed as the z-axis,  the precessing magnetic moments are randomly oriented around the z-axis.
1.1K
Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview

1.2K
In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must...
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Visualizing Uniaxial-strain Manipulation of Antiferromagnetic Domains in Fe1+YTe Using a Spin-polarized Scanning Tunneling Microscope
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Spin-orbital driven ferroelectricity.

Shan Zhu1, You-Quan Li

  • 1Zhejiang Institute of Modern Physics and Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China.

Journal of Physics. Condensed Matter : an Institute of Physics Journal
|September 6, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Octahedron rotation influences electric polarization through spin-orbit coupling. Orbital and spin ordering dictate polarization, appearing in collinear spin states and expanding beyond the spin plane in cycloidal ordering.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed matter physics
  • Materials science

Background:

  • Electric polarization is a key property in materials.
  • Spin-orbit coupling significantly influences magnetic and electronic properties.
  • Octahedron rotation in transition metal compounds can lead to complex phenomena.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of octahedron rotation on electric polarization.
  • To understand the interplay between spin-orbit coupling, orbital ordering, and electric polarization.
  • To explore polarization characteristics in transition metal ion chains with specific octahedron tilting.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing local coordinates to describe octahedron tilting.
  • Evaluating electric polarization in a chain of transition metal ions.
  • Analyzing the combined effects of orbital and spin ordering.

Main Results:

  • Non-polar octahedron rotation was found to induce electric polarization.
  • Orbital ordering, driven by ligand rotation, and spin order jointly determine polarization.
  • Non-vanishing polarization was observed in collinear spin order.
  • Polarization direction was not confined to the spin rotation plane in cycloidal ordering.

Conclusions:

  • Octahedron rotation is a viable mechanism for controlling electric polarization.
  • The interplay between orbital and spin degrees of freedom is crucial for emergent polarization.
  • This study provides insights into novel polarization mechanisms in correlated electron systems.