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Xanthohumol improved cognitive flexibility in young mice.

Daniel R Zamzow1, Valerie Elias2, LeeCole L Legette3

  • 1Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.

Behavioural Brain Research
|September 7, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Xanthohumol improved cognitive flexibility in young mice, but did not alter protein palmitoylation in aged mice. This suggests xanthohumol benefits young cognition without affecting neuronal protein palmitoylation in older individuals.

Keywords:
AgingMemoryPalmitatePalmitoylationReversal trials

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biochemistry
  • Aging Research

Background:

  • Protein palmitoylation is crucial for synaptic plasticity and signaling, with age-related changes observed.
  • Increased palmitoylation of NMDA receptor subunits (GluN2A, GluN2B), Fyn, and PSD95 correlates with poorer learning in older mice.
  • Xanthohumol, a flavonoid, enhances beta-oxidation and reduces circulating free fatty acids, but its effect on protein palmitoylation is unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether xanthohumol supplementation influences protein palmitoylation and cognitive function in young and old mice.
  • To determine if xanthohumol can reverse age-related changes in protein palmitoylation and cognitive performance.

Main Methods:

  • Young and old mice were administered a xanthohumol-supplemented diet for 8 weeks.
  • Spatial memory was evaluated using the Morris water maze.
  • Protein palmitoylation levels of specific neuronal proteins were quantified.

Main Results:

  • Young mice receiving xanthohumol showed improved cognitive flexibility, potentially by counteracting effects of a phytoestrogen-deficient diet.
  • Old mice treated with xanthohumol did not exhibit significant improvements in learning scores.
  • Xanthohumol treatment did not alter the palmitoylation status of the assessed NMDA receptor subunits and associated proteins.

Conclusions:

  • Xanthohumol may enhance cognitive flexibility in young animals.
  • Xanthohumol appears ineffective in modifying neuronal protein palmitoylation in aged individuals.
  • The cognitive benefits observed in young mice might be independent of changes in protein palmitoylation.