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Related Concept Videos

Site-Targeted Drug Delivery Systems: Polymeric Carriers01:24

Site-Targeted Drug Delivery Systems: Polymeric Carriers

156
Polymeric carriers enhance targeted drug delivery by increasing efficacy while minimizing off-target effects. These carriers comprise a biodegradable polymeric backbone integrated with functional elements that enable targeting, improve physicochemical properties, and regulate drug release.Targeting MechanismsThe targeting ability of polymeric carriers is mediated by a homing device, which is a molecular recognition component designed to selectively bind to specific tissues or cells. Monoclonal...
156
Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Delayed-Release Systems01:11

Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Delayed-Release Systems

201
Delayed-release drug delivery systems are specialized pharmaceutical formulations designed to postpone the release of active compounds until the drug reaches a specific region of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, typically the intestine. These systems are essential for drugs that may cause gastric irritation, are unstable in acidic environments, or need to exert therapeutic effects locally in the intestinal or colonic regions.The core feature of delayed-release systems is the use of enteric...
201
Micelles01:30

Micelles

345
Micelle formation is an intricate process that hinges on the properties of amphiphilic or amphipathic molecules and the conditions of the system in which they are found. Amphiphilic molecules, which have both hydrophilic (water-attracting) and hydrophobic (water-repelling) parts, play a critical role in this process.In aqueous environments, these molecules arrange themselves such that their hydrophilic heads are turned towards the water phase, while their hydrophobic tails are oriented away...
345
Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Site-Targeted01:24

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Site-Targeted

160
Site-targeted drug delivery systems enhance therapeutic efficacy while minimizing systemic toxicity and treatment costs. Unlike conventional methods, these systems ensure precise drug delivery, improving bioavailability and reducing side effects. Targeted drug delivery is classified into three levels. First-order targeting directs drugs to the capillary beds of specific organs or tissues. Second-order targets specific cell types, such as tumor cells, using receptor-mediated interactions.
160
Drug Delivery Systems: Different Types01:27

Drug Delivery Systems: Different Types

390
Conventional oral drug products, termed immediate-release (IR) formulations, are engineered to promptly release their active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) upon ingestion, typically in tablets or capsules. This rapid release often results in swift drug absorption and consequent pharmacodynamic effects, although the timing and intensity can vary depending on the drug's properties. Prodrugs within these formulations require metabolic conversion to activate their pharmacodynamic effects,...
390
Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Overview01:19

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Overview

231
Modified-release dosage forms are designed to address the limitations of drugs with short biological half-lives. These forms maintain stable therapeutic drug concentrations over extended periods, reducing the need for frequent dosing. A consistent drug level helps minimize peak-trough fluctuations, which can reduce adverse effects, lower the risk of drug resistance, and improve overall treatment effectiveness.One common type of modified-release form is the extended-release (ER) formulation. ER...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 24, 2026

Preparation and Characterization of Individual and Multi-drug Loaded Physically Entrapped Polymeric Micelles
07:32

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Polymeric micelles for acyclovir drug delivery.

Alicia J Sawdon1, Ching-An Peng1

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, United States.

Colloids and Surfaces. B, Biointerfaces
|September 7, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Novel polymeric micelles encapsulating acyclovir (ACV) were developed for enhanced drug delivery. These ACV-tagged micelles demonstrate non-toxicity and potential for improved therapeutic applications.

Keywords:
AcyclovirChitosanMethoxypolyethylene glycolMicellar drug deliveryRing-opening polymerization

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Acyclovir (ACV) is a crucial antiviral medication.
  • Drug delivery systems are essential for improving therapeutic efficacy and reducing side effects.
  • Polymeric micelles offer a promising platform for targeted drug delivery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize novel polymeric prodrug micelles for acyclovir (ACV) delivery.
  • To evaluate the physicochemical properties and drug release kinetics of the ACV-loaded micelles.
  • To assess the in vitro cytotoxicity of the developed drug delivery system.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of ACV-polycaprolactone (ACV-PCL) via ring-opening polymerization.
  • Conjugation of ACV-PCL with methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) (MPEG) or chitosan.
  • Characterization using 1H NMR, FTIR, GPC, DLS, zeta potential, and TEM.
  • Determination of critical micelle concentration (CMC) and drug release kinetics.
  • Cytotoxicity assessment using standard assays.

Main Results:

  • Successful synthesis and conjugation of ACV-PCL with MPEG and chitosan confirmed by spectroscopic and chromatographic methods.
  • Polymeric micelles with average sizes under 200nm were formed.
  • The critical micelle concentrations (CMCs) for ACV-PCL-MPEG and ACV-PCL-chitosan were determined to be 2.0 mg/L and 6.6 mg/L, respectively.
  • Drug release kinetics were investigated, and cytotoxicity assays showed the ACV-tagged polymeric micelles were non-toxic.

Conclusions:

  • Novel ACV-loaded polymeric micelles were successfully synthesized and characterized.
  • The developed micelles exhibit favorable physicochemical properties for drug delivery applications.
  • The non-toxic nature of these ACV-tagged polymeric micelles suggests their potential for safe and effective antiviral therapy.