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Related Concept Videos

Single-Strand DNA Binding Proteins01:03

Single-Strand DNA Binding Proteins

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For successful DNA replication, the unwinding of double-stranded DNA must be accompanied by stabilization and protection of the separated single strands of the DNA. This crucial task is performed by single-strand DNA-binding (SSB) proteins. They bind to the DNA in a sequence-independent manner, which means that the nitrogenous bases of the DNA need not be present in a specific order for binding of SSB proteins to it. The binding of SSB proteins straightens single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) and makes...
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The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
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DNA Replication

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DNA replication involves the separation of the two strands of the double helix, with each strand serving as a template from which the new complementary strand is copied.  After replication, each double-stranded DNA includes one parental or “old” strand and one “new” strand. This is known as semiconservative replication. The resulting DNA molecules have the same sequence and are divided equally into the two daughter cells.
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During replication, the complementary strands in double-stranded DNA are synthesized at different rates. Replication first begins on the leading strand. Replication starts later, occurs more slowly, and proceeds discontinuously on the lagging strand.
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Translesion (TLS) polymerases rescue stalled DNA polymerases at sites of damaged bases by replacing the replicative polymerase and installing a nucleotide across the damaged site. Doing so, TLS allows additional time for the cell to repair the damage before resuming regular DNA replication.
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An organism’s genome needs to be duplicated in an efficient and error-free manner for its growth and survival. The replication fork is a Y-shaped active region where two strands of DNA are separated and replicated continuously. The coupling of DNA unzipping and complementary strand synthesis is a characteristic feature of a replication fork.   Organisms with small circular DNA, such as E. coli, often have a single origin of replication; therefore, they have only two replication...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 24, 2026

Single-Molecule Fluorescence Visualization of DNA Polymerase Dynamics at G-Quadruplexes
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Single-Molecule Fluorescence Visualization of DNA Polymerase Dynamics at G-Quadruplexes

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FANCJ promotes DNA synthesis through G-quadruplex structures.

Pau Castillo Bosch1, Sandra Segura-Bayona1, Wouter Koole2

  • 1Hubrecht Institute-KNAW, University Medical Center Utrecht & Cancer GenomiCs Netherlands, Utrecht, The Netherlands.

The EMBO Journal
|September 7, 2014
PubMed
Summary

G-quadruplex DNA structures stall replication forks. The FANCJ/BRIP1 helicase is crucial for resolving these G-quadruplex structures, preventing replication stalling and genomic instability.

Keywords:
DNA ReplicationFANCJG4 DNAG‐quadruplexXenopus egg extract

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology
  • DNA Replication

Background:

  • G-rich sequences form G-quadruplex (G4) structures.
  • G4 structures are involved in gene regulation and telomere maintenance.
  • G4 sequences are prone to mutations, especially during replication stress.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate how G-quadruplex structures are resolved during DNA replication.
  • Understand the role of helicases in G4 resolution.
  • Elucidate the cause of G4 sequence instability.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a model system using ssDNA templates and Xenopus egg extracts.
  • Studied G4 replication dynamics.
  • Depleted FANCJ/BRIP1 helicase to assess its role.

Main Results:

  • G-quadruplex structures act as a barrier to DNA replication, causing stalling.
  • Nascent strand synthesis is blocked near G4 structures.
  • FANCJ/BRIP1 helicase is essential for unwinding and replicating G4 structures.
  • Depletion of FANCJ/BRIP1 leads to persistent replication stalling at G4s.
  • FANCJ functions independently of the Fanconi anemia pathway.

Conclusions:

  • G-quadruplex structures pose a significant challenge to DNA replication.
  • FANCJ/BRIP1 helicase plays a vital role in resolving G4 structures during replication.
  • Replication stalling at G4s, mediated by FANCJ deficiency, explains G4 sequence instability.