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Related Concept Videos

Structures of the Endocrine System00:59

Structures of the Endocrine System

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The intricate framework of the endocrine system encompasses a diverse array of glands, with their target tissues and organs strategically distributed throughout the body. Central to this network are the endocrine glands, specialized structures that lack ducts and release hormones directly into the interstitial fluid. Notably, the hypothalamus, a vital neuroendocrine organ situated in the brain, governs neural functions and serves as a potent source of hormonal regulation. Near the hypothalamus...
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The Endocrine System01:29

The Endocrine System

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The endocrine system is an extensive network of glands – organs or tissues in the body that create chemicals that control many bodily functions, that secrete hormones, which are chemical messengers that play essential roles in regulating various bodily functions. These hormones are secreted into the bloodstream and travel throughout the body. They require specific receptors to convey signals to cells possessing these corresponding receptors. This complex signaling mechanism ensures that...
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Hypodermis01:02

Hypodermis

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The hypodermis (the subcutaneous layer or superficial fascia) is present directly below the dermis. It connects the skin to the underlying fascia (fibrous tissue) of the bones and muscles. It is not strictly a part of the skin, although the border between the hypodermis and dermis can be difficult to distinguish. The hypodermis consists of well-vascularized, loose, areolar connective tissue and adipose tissue, which functions as a mode of fat storage and provides insulation and cushioning for...
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Target Cell Response to Hormones01:22

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Hormones intricately bind to receptors on the surface or within target cells, initiating a cascade of cellular responses.
Notably, the cellular response can be regulated by altering the number of receptors expressed in the cell. For example, prolonged exposure to elevated hormone levels results in a gradual decline or down-regulation in the number of receptors for that specific hormone on the cell surface. Conversely, in response to low hormone levels, cells may use up-regulation, producing an...
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What is the Endocrine System?00:46

What is the Endocrine System?

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The endocrine system sends hormones—chemical signals—through the bloodstream to target cells—the cells the hormones selectively affect. These signals are produced in endocrine cells, secreted into the extracellular fluid, and then diffuse into the blood. Eventually, they diffuse out of the blood and bind to target cells which have specialized receptors to recognize the hormones.
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Cells and Secretions of the Pancreas01:16

Cells and Secretions of the Pancreas

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The pancreas, a vital organ within the abdominal cavity, plays dual roles in the digestive and endocrine systems, collaborating with exocrine and endocrine cells to maintain optimal digestion and blood sugar levels.
Exocrine function is carried out by acinar cells, organized into clusters known as acini. These cells contribute to digestion by releasing substantial quantities of enzyme-rich, alkaline digestive juices.
Concurrently, the dispersed clusters of endocrine cells throughout the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 24, 2026

Identification and Dissection of Diverse Mouse Adipose Depots
06:31

Identification and Dissection of Diverse Mouse Adipose Depots

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Adipose tissues as endocrine target organs.

Nicolas Lanthier1, Isabelle A Leclercq1

  • 1Laboratoire de Gastroentérologie et Hépatologie, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Service d'Hépato-Gastroentérologie, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.

Best Practice & Research. Clinical Gastroenterology
|September 8, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Obesity causes inflammation and insulin resistance through white fat cells. Emerging research highlights brown and beige fat roles in metabolic syndrome, with potential therapeutic interventions.

Keywords:
Adipose tissue macrophageBeige adipose tissueBrown adipose tissueDiabetesInsulinMetabolic syndromeObesitySubcutaneous adipose tissueVisceral adipose tissue

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Localization, Identification, and Excision of Murine Adipose Depots
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Localization, Identification, and Excision of Murine Adipose Depots
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Author Spotlight: Semi-Automated Isolation of the Stromal Vascular Fraction from Murine White Adipose Tissue Using a Tissue Dissociator
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Area of Science:

  • Adipose tissue biology
  • Metabolic syndrome
  • Inflammation

Background:

  • Obesity leads to white adipocyte hypertrophy and macrophage infiltration, producing pro-inflammatory adipocytokines.
  • This inflammation causes insulin resistance in local and distant organs, contributing to metabolic syndrome.
  • Visceral adipose tissue plays a key role, while brown and beige adipose tissues' roles in dysmetabolic syndrome are emerging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review metabolic and inflammatory changes in white, brown, and beige adipose tissues.
  • To examine the contribution of these adipose depots to metabolic syndrome.
  • To review surgical and pharmacological interventions targeting adiposity for obesity-associated disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of metabolic and inflammatory changes in adipose tissue.
  • Analysis of the role of different adipose depots in metabolic syndrome.
  • Review of current therapeutic strategies for obesity and related disorders.

Main Results:

  • White adipose tissue dysfunction in obesity promotes systemic inflammation and insulin resistance.
  • Brown and beige adipose tissues exhibit distinct metabolic and inflammatory profiles with emerging roles in metabolic health.
  • Surgical and pharmacological interventions offer potential to manage obesity-related metabolic dysfunction.

Conclusions:

  • Adipose tissue depots are central to obesity-associated metabolic dysfunction and inflammation.
  • Targeting adiposity presents a promising therapeutic avenue for metabolic syndrome and related disorders.
  • Further research into the distinct roles of brown and beige adipose tissues is warranted.