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Control of Eating Behavior Using a Novel Feedback System
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The gut-brain axis in obesity.

Helena Buhmann1, Carel W le Roux2, Marco Bueter3

  • 1Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Switzerland.

Best Practice & Research. Clinical Gastroenterology
|September 8, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Surgical interventions for morbid obesity impact gut hormones, influencing appetite regulation via the gut-brain axis. Understanding these mechanisms may lead to improved obesity treatments.

Keywords:
AppetiteGastrointestinal hormonesGlucagon-like-peptide 1 (GLP-1)HypothalamusObesity

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Neuroscience
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Morbid obesity requires effective treatments with mortality benefits, primarily achieved through surgical intervention.
  • The precise mechanisms underlying surgical weight loss are not fully understood, but altered gut hormone levels are implicated.
  • Gut hormones play a crucial role in communicating gastrointestinal information to the central nervous system (CNS) via the gut-brain axis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the potential regulation of appetite by gastrointestinal hormones.
  • To explore the mechanisms of the gut-brain axis in appetite control.
  • To identify pathways for developing improved surgical techniques and therapies for obesity.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating gut hormones and appetite regulation.
  • Analysis of the communication pathways within the gut-brain axis (vagal, non-vagal, and circulatory).
  • Examination of the role of central nervous system (CNS) networks in feeding and energy homeostasis.

Main Results:

  • Alterations in circulating gut hormone levels are a contributing factor to the effects of bariatric surgery.
  • Gut hormones transmit signals from the gastrointestinal tract to appetite regulatory centers in the CNS.
  • Both neural signaling (vagal and non-vagal afferent) and direct blood circulation are involved in gut-brain communication.

Conclusions:

  • Gastrointestinal hormones are key regulators of appetite and energy homeostasis.
  • Understanding the gut-brain axis is essential for comprehending the efficacy of obesity surgeries.
  • Further research into these mechanisms could lead to novel therapeutic strategies for weight management.