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Updated: Apr 24, 2026

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Fathers, daughters, and self-objectification: does bonding style matter?

Haley Miles-McLean1, Miriam Liss1, Mindy J Erchull1

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Positive father-child relationships can buffer women against self-objectification. However, caring but overprotective fathers may worsen body image issues and shame, leading to negative eating attitudes.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Sociology
  • Women's Health

Background:

  • Societal objectification and the "male gaze" contribute to self-objectification in women.
  • Self-objectification is linked to adverse psychological outcomes, including negative eating attitudes and depression.
  • Positive father-child relationships may mitigate these negative effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the moderating role of paternal bonding styles on the relationship between self-objectification and negative psychological outcomes in women.
  • To examine how different dimensions of paternal bonding (care and overprotection) influence women's self-objectification, shame, and eating attitudes.

Main Methods:

  • A survey study involving 447 women assessing paternal bonding, self-objectification, negative eating attitudes, and depression.
  • Participants were categorized into four groups based on their paternal bonding styles (high/low care, high/low overprotection).
  • Path modeling was utilized to analyze the relationships within each bonding group.

Main Results:

  • An interaction effect was found: women reporting high paternal care and low overprotection exhibited the fewest negative eating attitudes.
  • Path models revealed significant differences between high care/low overprotection and high care/high overprotection groups.
  • The negative impact of body surveillance and shame on eating attitudes was amplified in women with caring but overprotective fathers.

Conclusions:

  • Paternal bonding significantly influences women's psychological well-being and vulnerability to self-objectification.
  • A father's overprotectiveness, even within a caring relationship, can be detrimental, exacerbating body surveillance and shame.
  • These findings highlight the nuanced impact of early relationships on adult mental health and body image.