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B2 cells suppress experimental abdominal aortic aneurysms.

Akshaya K Meher1, William F Johnston1, Guanyi Lu1

  • 1Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia.

The American Journal of Pathology
|September 8, 2014
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Summary

B2 cells, a major B-cell subset in abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), surprisingly suppress its formation. These cells promote regulatory T cells, reducing aortic inflammation and aneurysm development.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cardiovascular Research
  • Vascular Biology

Background:

  • B-cell depletion therapy has been linked to abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) rupture.
  • Understanding the role of B cells (B1 and B2 subsets) in AAA pathogenesis is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of B2 cells in experimental AAA formation.
  • To determine if B2 cells aggravate or protect against AAA development.

Main Methods:

  • Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and flow cytometry were used to analyze immune cell infiltration in mouse aortas.
  • Experimental AAA was induced in wild-type and B-cell deficient (muMT) mice.
  • Adoptive transfer of B2 cells was performed to assess their functional impact.

Main Results:

  • B cells, predominantly B2 cells (93%), infiltrated aortas in a mouse model of AAA.
  • B-cell deficient mice showed similar AAA formation compared to wild-type mice.
  • Adoptive transfer of B2 cells suppressed AAA formation and increased splenic regulatory T cells, while decreasing aortic inflammation.

Conclusions:

  • B2 cells are the predominant B-cell subset in experimental AAA.
  • Contrary to the hypothesis, B2 cells suppress AAA formation.
  • B2 cells promote regulatory T cell expansion and reduce aortic inflammation, offering a protective effect in AAA.