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Transposons, or "jumping genes," are small mobile genetic elements (MGEs) that range from 700 to 40,000 base pairs in length. They are found in all organisms and can move within the same chromosome or transfer to different chromosomes. In some cases, transposons can also jump between different host DNA molecules, such as plasmids or viruses, contributing to genetic variability.Barbara McClintock first discovered these mobile genetic elements in the 1940s while studying maize genetics, and she...
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Organisms are capable of detecting and fixing nucleotide mismatches that occur during DNA replication. This sophisticated process requires identifying the new strand and replacing the erroneous bases with correct nucleotides. Mismatch repair is coordinated by many proteins in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
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Vulnerabilities on the lagging-strand template: opportunities for mobile elements.

Ashwana D Fricker1, Joseph E Peters

  • 1Department of Microbiology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853;

Annual Review of Genetics
|September 9, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mobile genetic elements exploit vulnerabilities in the lagging-strand DNA template during replication. These elements target specific features of this strand, especially when replication forks stall or collapse.

Keywords:
DNA replicationHUH elementsRed recombinationgroup II intronlagging-strand templatereplication fork collapsereplication fork stallstransposition

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Mobile genetic elements (MGEs) can relocate within genomes.
  • Some MGEs target specific DNA strands during replication.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review how MGEs target the lagging-strand template.
  • To explore the vulnerabilities exploited by MGEs.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on bacterial MGEs.
  • Analysis of targeting mechanisms of specific MGEs (e.g., bacteriophage λ Red recombination, group II introns, HUH endonuclease elements, Tn7 transposon).

Main Results:

  • Several bacterial MGEs target the lagging-strand template.
  • Targeting mechanisms utilize strand-specific features.
  • These features are particularly accessible during replication stress (stalled or collapsed forks).

Conclusions:

  • The lagging-strand template presents unique vulnerabilities for MGEs.
  • MGEs have evolved diverse strategies to exploit these vulnerabilities for transposition and integration.