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Related Concept Videos

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Sigmoidoscopy and laparoscopy are distinct medical procedures that enable physicians to internally inspect different parts of the GI tract. Although they serve different purposes, each is essential for diagnosing and, in some cases, treating various medical conditions.
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Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is a diagnostic procedure that combines endoscopy and fluoroscopy to diagnose and treat conditions related to the bile ducts, pancreatic ducts, and gallbladder. This procedure is beneficial for identifying and addressing blockages, gallstones, strictures, and tumors within the biliary or pancreatic systems. ERCP is both diagnostic and therapeutic, offering the ability to visualize and treat identified problems in one session.
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The early pioneers of microscopy opened a window into the invisible world of microorganisms. In 1830, Joseph Jackson Lister created an essentially modern light microscope. The 20th century saw the development of microscopes that leveraged nonvisible light, such as fluorescence microscopy that uses an ultraviolet light source and electron microscopy that uses short-wavelength electron beams. These advances significantly improved magnification, image resolution, and contrast. By comparison, the...
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Endoscopy is a non-surgical medical technique used to examine a person's internal organs and vessels. This lesson will focus on two types of endoscopic studies: bronchoscopy and thoracoscopy.
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Endoscopic Procedures III: Video Capsule Endoscopy01:28

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Capsule endoscopy, or wireless or video capsule endoscopy, is a diagnostic procedure for examining the entire gastrointestinal tract. Patients swallow a capsule about the size of a vitamin tablet. The capsule is equipped with a transmitter, a battery, an LED light source, and a color video camera to capture images throughout the gastrointestinal tract. This procedure is particularly useful for diagnosing conditions such as Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, tumors, polyps, ulcers,...
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Endoscopic Procedures II: Colonoscopy01:25

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The colon, or large intestine, is the final segment of the digestive system. Its primary functions include absorbing water and vitamins produced by gut bacteria and transforming waste from liquid to solid to form stool. In adults, the large intestine is approximately 5 feet long and consists of four main sections:
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 24, 2026

Murine Endoscopy for In Vivo Multimodal Imaging of Carcinogenesis and Assessment of Intestinal Wound Healing and Inflammation
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The evolution of endoillumination.

David R Chow1

  • 1Assistant Professor University of Toronto, St. Michaels Hospital, Director Toronto Retina Institute, Toronto, Ont., Canada.

Developments in Ophthalmology
|September 9, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Recent advances in endoillumination technology, including light sources and filters, have enabled smaller-gauge vitrectomy systems and enhanced tissue visualization for improved surgical outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Surgical Technology
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • The evolution of vitrectomy surgery necessitates advancements in illumination technology.
  • Smaller gauge surgical instruments require more efficient and powerful light sources.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the historical development of endoillumination.
  • To highlight recent technological progress in light sources and filters for ophthalmic surgery.

Main Methods:

  • Review of historical literature and technological advancements in endoillumination.
  • Analysis of the impact of new light sources and filters on surgical capabilities.

Main Results:

  • Significant improvements in light source power and efficiency have been achieved.

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  • Development of specialized filters enhances tissue visualization and surgical safety.
  • Enabling of smaller-gauge vitrectomy systems (e.g., 27-gauge) and specialized instrumentation (e.g., chandeliers).

    • Conclusions:

    • Modern endoillumination systems are crucial for the advancement of minimally invasive ophthalmic surgery.
    • Continued innovation in light sources and filters promises further improvements in surgical precision and patient outcomes.