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Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management01:28

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Introduction:For diagnosing acute pyelonephritis, a comprehensive patient history is collected to identify symptoms such as dysuria, frequent or urgent urination, flank pain, or costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness that may suggest a kidney infection.Physical ExaminationDuring the physical examination, CVA tenderness is assessed. This involves gentle percussion over the costovertebral angle, where tenderness often indicates a kidney infection.Diagnostic TestsUrinalysis: Used to identify white...
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Evaluation of a Reliable Biomarker in a Cecal Ligation and Puncture-Induced Mouse Model of Sepsis
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Procalcitonin elevation suggests a septic source.

Kara E Friend1, Jessica N Burgess, Rebecca C Britt

  • 1Department of Surgery, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, USA.

The American Surgeon
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Procalcitonin levels correlate with specific sepsis causes, aiding treatment decisions. Elevated procalcitonin can indicate infection type, guiding therapy and potentially marking the need for antifungal treatment.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Clinical Diagnostics

Background:

  • Procalcitonin (PCT) is a biomarker for bacterial infections and sepsis.
  • Limited data exists on the correlation between PCT levels and specific causative organisms in sepsis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between procalcitonin elevation and the causative organism in sepsis.
  • To determine if PCT levels can help differentiate infection types and guide treatment strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of 232 adult surgical patients (18-80 years) from June 2010 to May 2012 with procalcitonin measurements.
  • Analysis of culture data to identify causative organisms for infections including pneumonia, UTI, bloodstream infections, and Clostridium difficile.
  • Comparison of mean procalcitonin levels across different infection types and causative organisms (Gram-positive, Gram-negative, fungal).

Main Results:

  • Patients without a clear infection source had a mean PCT of 3.95.
  • Significantly elevated PCT levels were observed in pneumonia (20.59), UTI (66.84), bloodstream infections (33.30), and C. difficile (47.20).
  • PCT levels differed based on organism type: Gram-positive (23.10), Gram-negative (32.75), and fungal (42.90), with fungal infections showing the highest elevation.

Conclusions:

  • Procalcitonin elevation is associated with specific infection types and causative organisms in sepsis.
  • PCT levels may serve as a valuable tool to guide the initiation and selection of antimicrobial or antifungal therapy.
  • Further research can explore PCT's role in optimizing sepsis treatment protocols.