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Related Concept Videos

Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age01:09

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The upper and lower limb initially develops as a small bulge called a limb bud, which appears on the lateral side of the early embryo. The upper limb bud appears near the end of the fourth week of development, with the lower limb bud appearing shortly after.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 24, 2026

Real Time and Repeated Measurement of Skeletal Muscle Growth in Individual Live Zebrafish Subjected to Altered Electrical Activity
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Lateral comparisons using Fishman's skeletal maturation assessment.

Abraham N Safer1, Peter Homel, David D Chung

  • 1a  Chief Resident, Maimonides Medical Center, Department of Dentistry, Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Brooklyn, NY.

The Angle Orthodontist
|September 9, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study found no significant overall lateral differences in skeletal maturation indicators (SMIs) between left and right hands. However, specific SMI score groups showed distinct patterns, suggesting potential localized growth variations.

Keywords:
DiagnosisHand-wristLateralitySkeletal maturation

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Radiology
  • Pediatric Growth Assessment

Background:

  • Assessing bone development is crucial for orthopedic interventions.
  • Fishman's skeletal maturation indicators (SMIs) are widely used to evaluate skeletal age.
  • Lateral differences in skeletal maturation may impact treatment planning.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate lateral differences in ossification and bone development using Fishman's SMIs.
  • To compare skeletal ages derived from left and right hand-wrist radiographs.
  • To investigate the relationship between handedness, gender, age, and lateral SMI variations.

Main Methods:

  • 125 subjects aged 8-20 years underwent left and right hand-wrist radiography.
  • Fishman's SMI assessment was used to determine skeletal age for both sides.
  • The Edinburgh Handedness Questionnaire identified handedness, with data analyzed against skeletal ages.

Main Results:

  • No significant overall lateral differences in SMI scores were observed (P = .70).
  • 79% of subjects exhibited no difference in left and right SMI scores.
  • Significant differences emerged between SMI groups 1-3 (left > right likely) and SMI 11 (right > left likely).

Conclusions:

  • While overall lateral symmetry in skeletal maturation is common, specific SMI ranges show asymmetry.
  • Clinicians should consider potential localized growth differences, especially in specific SMI categories.
  • Obtaining a left hand-wrist radiograph may be beneficial for precise growth completion assessment in young surgical patients.