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Related Concept Videos

Gallbladder01:17

Gallbladder

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The gallbladder is a small, pear-shaped organ that plays a crucial role in our digestive system. Measuring about 10 cm in length, it is comparable in size to a kiwi fruit and is located in a hollow area on the lower surface of the liver. The gallbladder's primary function is to store and concentrate bile, a fluid produced by the liver that aids in digestion.
The gallbladder's anatomy consists of three regions: the fundus, body, and neck. Extending from the neck, the cystic duct joins...
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Cholecystitis01:20

Cholecystitis

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Cholecystitis is inflammation of the gallbladder, most commonly caused by obstruction of the cystic duct. This blockage prevents bile from draining, leading to gallbladder distension, inflammation, and potentially serious complications. This condition may present acutely or chronically and can happen with or without gallstones.EtiologyAbout 95% of cholecystitis cases are calculous, caused by gallstones blocking the cystic duct, leading to bile accumulation and inflammation of the gallbladder...
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Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder01:26

Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder

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Liver and gallbladder diseases are a significant health concern, with prominent conditions including cirrhosis, hepatitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and gallstones. Jaundice is a common manifestation of liver and biliary disease.
Cirrhosis is characterized by the scarring of hepatic lobules in the liver, which are replaced by fibrous tissue, affecting the liver's normal functioning. NAFLD, on the other hand, is caused by an excessive build-up of fat in the liver, not...
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Glucose Transporters01:27

Glucose Transporters

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Glucose transporters facilitate the transport of glucose across the cell membrane. In addition to glucose, some glucose transporters can also aid the movement of other hexoses such as fructose, mannose, and galactose.
Facilitated diffusion-glucose transporters (GLUTs) are encoded by the solute-linked carrier (SLC) family 2, subfamily A gene family, or SLC2A. The 14 GLUT protein members are distributed into three classes:
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Appendicitis01:19

Appendicitis

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Appendicitis is an acute inflammatory condition of the vermiform appendix, most commonly caused by obstruction of its lumen. The appendix is a narrow, blind-ended pouch that extends from the cecum, making it particularly prone to obstruction. Causes include fecaliths, lymphoid hyperplasia (often after viral infections), parasites, tumors, or foreign bodies. This obstruction initiates a cascade of pathological changes.Luminal Obstruction and Early InflammationAfter obstruction, normal mucosal...
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Jaundice01:25

Jaundice

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Jaundice, or icterus, is the yellow discoloration of the skin, sclerae, and mucous membranes. It happens when plasma bilirubin levels rise above 2.5-3 mg/dL, leading to bilirubin deposition in tissue.Bilirubin is a byproduct of hemoglobin degradation. In macrophages, hemoglobin breaks down into globin and heme. Globin is converted into amino acids, while heme is turned into biliverdin by heme oxygenase, which is then reduced to unconjugated bilirubin by biliverdin reductase.Unconjugated...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 24, 2026

Extrahepatic Bile Duct and Gall Bladder Dissection in Nine-Day-Old Mouse Neonates
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Extrahepatic Bile Duct and Gall Bladder Dissection in Nine-Day-Old Mouse Neonates

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Gallbladder agenesis.

I McCallum1, M J Jones, S J Robinson

  • 1North Cumbria University Hospitals NHS Trust, UK.

Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England
|September 9, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Congenital biliary anomalies can be missed by imaging. Careful surgical dissection is crucial during cholecystectomy, even when anatomy appears normal.

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology and Hepatobiliary Surgery
  • Surgical Anatomy
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Routine laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a common surgical procedure.
  • Accurate preoperative imaging is essential for surgical planning.
  • Congenital biliary tract anomalies can present diagnostic challenges.

Observation:

  • A case report detailing an unexpected congenital biliary anatomical variation.
  • Preoperative imaging (ultrasonography and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography) provided misleading information.
  • The anomaly was discovered during a standard laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Findings:

  • The patient presented with an unusual congenital biliary anatomy.
  • Preoperative imaging failed to correctly identify the biliary variation.
  • Intraoperative findings revealed a deviation from expected anatomy.

Implications:

  • This case underscores the limitations of preoperative imaging in detecting all biliary anomalies.
  • Emphasizes the critical importance of meticulous surgical dissection, regardless of presumed anatomy.
  • Highlights the need for surgeons to maintain a high index of suspicion for anatomical variations during biliary surgery.