Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Bones of the Upper Limb: Humerus01:19

Bones of the Upper Limb: Humerus

11.2K
The upper limb consists of the arm, forearm, wrist, and hand bones. The humerus is the single bone of the upper arm region. Proximally, it has a large, spherical, smooth head that articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula to form the glenohumeral or shoulder joint. The margin of the head is the anatomical neck, a residual epiphyseal plate. Laterally it extends to form bony projections called the greater tubercle and the lesser tubercle. Next to the tubercles is the surgical neck, a...
11.2K
Bones of the Upper Limb: Radius01:09

Bones of the Upper Limb: Radius

9.0K
The radius is longer of the two bones that make up the human antebrachium or forearm. At the proximal end, the radius articulates with the capitulum of the humerus and the radial notch of the ulna to form the elbow joint. At the distal end, the radius articulates with the ulna via the ulnar notch, forming the distal radioulnar joint. Distally, the radius also attaches to the carpal wrist bones (scaphoid and lunate) to form the radiocarpal joint.
The radius has a nail-shaped head, and a...
9.0K
Bones of the Upper Limb: Ulna01:15

Bones of the Upper Limb: Ulna

8.8K
The ulna and radius are parallel bones of the antebrachium or the forearm. The ulna lies medially and consists of a bony tip called the olecranon process at its proximal end. This hook-like projection articulates with the olecranon fossa of the humerus and forms the "hinged" ulnohumeral part of the elbow joint. This joint facilitates forearm extension and flexion while preventing its hyperextension. Similarly, the coronoid process, another bony projection on the proximal/anterior side...
8.8K
Muscles that Move the Forearm01:16

Muscles that Move the Forearm

6.0K
The muscles that move the forearms can be divided into four groups: forearm flexors, forearm extensors, forearm pronators, and forearm supinators. The flexors and extensors act on the elbow joint, while the pronators and supinators act on the radioulnar joints.
Forearm Flexors
The biceps brachii, brachialis, and brachioradialis are forearm flexors. The biceps brachii is made up of two heads. Its long head originates at the supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula, whereas that of the short head is...
6.0K
Spinal Nerves: Plexus I01:22

Spinal Nerves: Plexus I

3.3K
Nerve plexuses are networks of interlacing nerves that serve as communication hubs to distribute and organize nerve action across various body regions. The nerve plexuses are organized into the cervical plexus located in the neck region, brachial plexus in the shoulder area, lumbar plexus found in the lower back, sacral plexus situated in the pelvis, and coccygeal plexus located in the coccygeal region.
The Cervical Plexus
The cervical plexus, formed by the anterior rami of the first four...
3.3K
Arteries of the Upper Limbs01:12

Arteries of the Upper Limbs

3.3K
The subclavian artery transitions into the axillary artery as it exits the chest and enters the axillary region. This artery is critical for supplying blood to the shoulder area, including the head of the humerus, through the humeral circumflex arteries. As the vessel continues into the upper arm or brachium, it becomes the brachial artery. This artery plays a key role in vascularizing the brachial region and bifurcates at the elbow into several branches. These branches include the deep...
3.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Effect of Orthopedic Resident Surgical Education on Surgical Case Length and Healthcare Costs.

Journal of hand surgery global online·2026
Same author

Enhancing Healing with Noncontact Low-Frequency Ultrasound in Fingertip Amputation Treatment: A Comparative Pilot Study.

Journal of hand surgery global online·2025
Same author

Postoperative Instruction Retention, Written Versus Audiovisual Adjuncts: A Prospective Randomized Study.

Journal of hand surgery global online·2024
Same author

Concomitant internal joint stabilizer augmentation with isometric lateral ulnar collateral ligament repair for unstable elbow dislocations: a surgical technique.

JSES reviews, reports, and techniques·2024
Same author

Distal Radius Fractures in Diabetic Patients: An Analysis of Surgical Timing and Other Factors That Affect Complication Rate.

Hand (New York, N.Y.)·2020
Same author

The Influence of Physician-Rating Websites on Patient Physician Preference.

Clinics in orthopedic surgery·2020

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 24, 2026

A Standardized Method for Measurement of Elbow Kinesthesia
07:56

A Standardized Method for Measurement of Elbow Kinesthesia

Published on: October 10, 2020

6.8K

Elbow injuries in the throwing athlete.

Vamsi K Kancherla1, Nicholas M Caggiano1, Kristofer S Matullo1

  • 1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, St. Luke's University Hospital, 801 Ostrum Street, PPHP2, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA.

The Orthopedic Clinics of North America
|September 10, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Repetitive overhead throwing causes elbow injuries in athletes due to high valgus and extension loads. Diagnosis involves imaging and arthroscopy, with treatment ranging from nonoperative management to surgery for return to play.

Keywords:
AthleteElbow injuriesNeuritisOCDThrowingUCLVEOS

More Related Videos

Importance of Jumping Ability in Handball Throwing Speed and Accuracy
02:43

Importance of Jumping Ability in Handball Throwing Speed and Accuracy

Published on: April 4, 2025

1.7K
An Inertial Measurement Unit Based Method to Estimate Hip and Knee Joint Kinematics in Team Sport Athletes on the Field
06:52

An Inertial Measurement Unit Based Method to Estimate Hip and Knee Joint Kinematics in Team Sport Athletes on the Field

Published on: May 26, 2020

10.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 24, 2026

A Standardized Method for Measurement of Elbow Kinesthesia
07:56

A Standardized Method for Measurement of Elbow Kinesthesia

Published on: October 10, 2020

6.8K
Importance of Jumping Ability in Handball Throwing Speed and Accuracy
02:43

Importance of Jumping Ability in Handball Throwing Speed and Accuracy

Published on: April 4, 2025

1.7K
An Inertial Measurement Unit Based Method to Estimate Hip and Knee Joint Kinematics in Team Sport Athletes on the Field
06:52

An Inertial Measurement Unit Based Method to Estimate Hip and Knee Joint Kinematics in Team Sport Athletes on the Field

Published on: May 26, 2020

10.0K

Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Sports Medicine
  • Elbow Biomechanics
  • Athletic Injury

Background:

  • Repetitive overhead throwing generates significant valgus and extension forces on the elbow.
  • These forces can cause progressive structural changes and injury to the elbow's stabilizing soft tissues and bones over time.
  • Athletes engaging in activities like baseball pitching are particularly susceptible to these elbow pathologies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the pathologies associated with high valgus and extension loads in the athlete's elbow.
  • To outline the diagnostic approaches for elbow injuries in overhead athletes.
  • To discuss treatment options, including nonoperative and surgical interventions, for return to play.

Main Methods:

  • Review of literature on elbow injuries in overhead athletes.
  • Discussion of diagnostic imaging techniques: plain radiographs, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
  • Consideration of arthroscopy as a diagnostic and potentially therapeutic tool.

Main Results:

  • High valgus and extension loads lead to acute and chronic elbow pathologies in athletes.
  • Progressive structural changes in soft tissues and bone can result in injury.
  • Various diagnostic modalities aid in identifying the extent of the damage.

Conclusions:

  • Early and accurate diagnosis is crucial for managing elbow injuries in overhead athletes.
  • Nonoperative management is often effective, but surgical intervention may be required.
  • A comprehensive approach is necessary to facilitate a safe return to athletic activity.