Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 24, 2026

Comparison of Three Clinical Stereoscopic Methods for Measuring Binocular Visual Function During Amblyopic Treatment in Unilateral Amblyopia
06:19

Comparison of Three Clinical Stereoscopic Methods for Measuring Binocular Visual Function During Amblyopic Treatment in Unilateral Amblyopia

Published on: September 27, 2024

686

[Objective refraction in black children: cyclopentolate and tropicamide combination, a reliable alternative to

A M Ka1, M E De Medeiros1, A S Sow2

  • 1Centre d'ophtalmologie de l'hôpital Abass-Ndao, B 45831 Dakar-Fann, Sénégal.

Journal Francais D'Ophtalmologie
|September 10, 2014
PubMed

Insights

A combination of cyclopentolate and tropicamide provides reliable objective refraction in children, similar to atropine. This cyclopentolate-tropicamide combination (CTA) is a satisfactory alternative for routine pediatric cycloplegia.

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Pediatric Ophthalmology
  • Refractive Error Assessment

Background:

  • Cycloplegia is essential for objective refraction in children.
  • Atropine is effective but causes prolonged visual disturbance.
  • Cyclopentolate and tropicamide are alternative cycloplegic agents with varying efficacy and side effect profiles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of a cyclopentolate and tropicamide combination (CTA) versus atropine for objective refraction in black children.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective study was conducted on children requiring consultation.
  • Objective refraction was performed using CTA (cyclopentolate 0.5% + tropicamide 0.5%) and atropine for cycloplegia.

Main Results:

  • Thirty-three children (14 boys, 19 girls, average age 9.9 years) were recruited.
  • Astigmatism (96.9%) was comparable between CTA (1.34±1.32 D) and atropine (1.35±1.22 D).
  • Hyperopia and myopia prevalence and diopter values showed good correlation between CTA and atropine protocols.

Conclusions:

  • The cyclopentolate-tropicamide combination (CTA) demonstrated good correlation with atropine for refractive error assessment.
  • CTA is a satisfactory and reliable alternative for routine cycloplegia in pediatric patients.
Abstract

Keywords:
AtropineBlackChildCyclopentolateCycloplegiaCycloplégieEnfantMélanodermeRefractionRéfractionTropicamide

More Related Videos

Comparison of Agreement and Accuracy using Binocular Wavefront Optometer with Autorefractor and Phoropter05:14

Comparison of Agreement and Accuracy using Binocular Wavefront Optometer with Autorefractor and Phoropter

Published on: September 16, 2025

812
Author Spotlight: Advancements in Refractive Surgical Correction for Presbyopia and Exploring Postoperative Visual Acuity05:46

Author Spotlight: Advancements in Refractive Surgical Correction for Presbyopia and Exploring Postoperative Visual Acuity

Published on: September 20, 2024

892

Related Concept Videos

Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment01:27

Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment

In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
Drugs such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α2- and...
1.0K
Ophthalmic Drug Delivery Systems01:23

Ophthalmic Drug Delivery Systems

Ophthalmic drug delivery faces major limitations due to poor absorption across the corneal membrane. This process is primarily driven by diffusion and is influenced by two main factors: the physicochemical properties of the drug and tear drainage. Most ophthalmic drugs, such as pilocarpine, epinephrine, atropine, and local anesthetics, are weak bases. They are typically formulated at an acidic pH to enhance chemical stability. However, this leads to high ionization, reducing their ability to...
274
Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment01:28

Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment

Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...
1.6K
Cholinergic Antagonists: Pharmacokinetics01:24

Cholinergic Antagonists: Pharmacokinetics

Cholinergic antagonists—such as antimuscarinics—are available in oral, topical, ocular, parenteral, and inhalational formulations. Most antimuscarinics are oral formulations,  while scopolamine is available as a topical patch, and ipratropium and tiotropium are available as inhalation aerosols or powders. Atropine, tropicamide, and cyclopentolate are topically instilled in the eye. Most antimuscarinics are lipid-soluble and readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and...
1.1K
Direct-Acting Cholinergic Agonists: Therapeutic Uses01:11

Direct-Acting Cholinergic Agonists: Therapeutic Uses

Direct-acting cholinergic agonists have many therapeutic uses in various medical fields. Choline esters, including acetylcholine, have limited clinical utility due to their non-selectivity and short duration of action. Still, acetylcholine and carbachol are applied topically during ophthalmologic surgery to induce miosis. Pilocarpine, a muscarinic and ganglionic stimulator, effectively treats open-angle glaucoma and alleviates xerostomia and dry mouth caused by radiotherapy or Sjögren...
1.9K