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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 24, 2026

Author Spotlight: Development and Characterization of Eco-Friendly Lignin-Based Microparticles for Enhanced Delivery of Bioflavonoids
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Encapsulation and micronization effectively improve orange beverage flavanone bioavailability in humans.

María Tomás-Navarro1, Fernando Vallejo, Francisco Borrego

  • 1Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC , Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain.

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
|September 10, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Hesperidin bioavailability significantly increased with micronization and Gum Arabic encapsulation, enhancing flavanone absorption. Particle size and dispersion are key factors influencing hesperidin

Keywords:
UPLC triple quadrupoleabsorptionhesperetinhesperidinvolunteers stratification

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Area of Science:

  • Nutritional Science
  • Pharmacokinetics
  • Food Science

Background:

  • Hesperidin, a citrus flavanone, has limited bioavailability due to poor solubility and requires gut microbiota hydrolysis to its aglycone, hesperetin.
  • Enhancing hesperidin bioavailability is crucial for maximizing its potential health benefits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the impact of hesperidin encapsulation and particle size reduction on hesperetin bioavailability.
  • To investigate the role of gut microbiota and intestinal transporters in flavanone bioavailability.

Main Methods:

  • Hesperidin was micronized and encapsulated with Gum Arabic to alter particle size and dispersion.
  • Bioavailability of hesperidin and hesperetin was measured in volunteers stratified by flavanone excretion capability.
  • Differences in flavanone excretion rates were analyzed based on treatment and individual excretion capacity.

Main Results:

  • Micronization of hesperidin (5.1 μm) doubled its bioavailability compared to conventional hesperidin (32.8 μm).
  • Gum Arabic encapsulation enhanced hesperidin dispersion and bioavailability, even with larger particle sizes (74.2 μm).
  • Micronized hesperetin showed high bioavailability in low excretors, suggesting a microbiota-dependent release mechanism for hesperidin.

Conclusions:

  • Hesperidin bioavailability is significantly enhanced by particle size reduction and improved dispersion.
  • Individual variations in gut microbiota and intestinal transporters play a critical role in flavanone bioavailability.
  • Formulation strategies targeting solubility and particle size are effective for improving hesperidin absorption.