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Related Concept Videos

Myocarditis I: Introduction01:21

Myocarditis I: Introduction

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Myocarditis is inflammation of the myocardium, which is the muscular layer of the heart.EtiologyMyocarditis has a diverse etiology, including a wide range of infectious and non-infectious causes:Infectious CausesViral: Common viruses include Coxsackie A and B, adenovirus, parvovirus B19, enteroviruses, and influenza A.Bacterial: Examples include infections caused by Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, and Mycoplasma species.Rickettsial: Infections like Rocky Mountain spotted fever can result in...
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Cardiomyopathy IV: Restrictive Cardiomyopathy01:29

Cardiomyopathy IV: Restrictive Cardiomyopathy

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Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) is a rare heart muscle disease characterized by impaired ventricular filling due to stiffened ventricular walls, leading to significant diastolic dysfunction.EtiologyRestrictive cardiomyopathy can arise from both inherited and acquired diseases, many of which are systemic. It is categorized into four main types: infiltrative, storage, non-infiltrative, and endomyocardial diseases.Infiltrative diseases, such as amyloidosis, lead to RCM by depositing amyloid...
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Formation of Muscle Fibers from Myoblasts01:13

Formation of Muscle Fibers from Myoblasts

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De novo myogenesis, or the formation of muscle fibers, begins during the early embryonic stages. The skeletal muscle is formed from somites– blocks of embryonic cell layers. The somites are further divided into dermatomes, myotomes, sclerotomes, and syndetomes. Among these, the myotomes give rise to muscle fibers.
Muscle progenitor cells (MPCs) are formed from the myotomes. MPCs express genes that encode the transcription factors Pax3 and Pax7. Along with Pax 3/7, other transcription...
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Related Experiment Video

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Scanning Electron Microscopy of Macerated Tissue to Visualize the Extracellular Matrix
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Noncoding RNAs and myocardial fibrosis.

Thomas Thum1

  • 1Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, Carl Neuberg Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.

Nature Reviews. Cardiology
|September 10, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) play a crucial role in cardiac fibrosis, a key factor in heart failure development. This review explores ncRNAs as potential therapeutic targets and diagnostic markers for fibrotic heart disease.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Biology
  • Molecular Medicine
  • RNA Biology

Background:

  • Cardiac stress induces tissue remodeling, frequently leading to heart failure.
  • Cardiac fibrosis, driven by fibroblast overactivity and excessive extracellular matrix production, is a major component of this remodeling.
  • Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are critical regulators of cellular functions, including those in cardiovascular cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the multifaceted roles of ncRNAs in the pathogenesis of cardiac fibrosis.
  • To highlight ncRNAs as potential therapeutic targets and diagnostic/prognostic biomarkers for fibrotic heart disease.
  • To explore ncRNAs' functions in fibroblast transdifferentiation and paracrine modulation of cardiac remodeling.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review of studies investigating noncoding RNAs in cardiac fibrosis.

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  • Analysis of ncRNA involvement in fibroblast activation and extracellular matrix production.
  • Evaluation of ncRNAs as therapeutic agents and diagnostic/prognostic indicators in cardiovascular disease.

    • Main Results:

    • Noncoding RNAs, including microRNAs and long ncRNAs, significantly influence cardiac fibroblast behavior and myocardial fibrosis.
    • ncRNAs are implicated as direct regulators of fibroblast transdifferentiation.
    • ncRNAs demonstrate potential as biomarkers for diagnosing and predicting the progression of cardiac fibrosis and heart failure.

    Conclusions:

    • Noncoding RNAs represent promising therapeutic targets for mitigating cardiac fibrosis and preventing heart failure.
    • The diagnostic and prognostic value of ncRNAs in fibrotic heart disease warrants further clinical investigation.
    • Targeting ncRNAs offers a novel strategy for managing cardiac remodeling and improving patient outcomes.