Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Immunofluorescence Microscopy01:12

Immunofluorescence Microscopy

11.1K
A fluorescence microscope uses fluorescent chromophores called fluorochromes, which can absorb energy from a light source and then emit this energy as visible light. Fluorochromes include naturally fluorescent substances (such as chlorophylls) and fluorescent stains that are added to the specimen to create contrast. Dyes such as Texas red and FITC are examples of fluorochromes. Other examples include the nucleic acid dyes 4’,6’-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI), and acridine orange.
11.1K
Halogens03:01

Halogens

17.1K
Group 17 elements, known as halogens, are nonmetals. At room temperature, fluorine and chlorine are gases, bromine is a liquid, and iodine a solid. Astatine is a highly unstable radioactive element, so currently, most of its properties are unknown due to its short half-life. Tennessine is a synthetic element also predicted to be in this group. 
17.1K
FISH - Fluorescent In-situ Hybridization02:07

FISH - Fluorescent In-situ Hybridization

16.9K
Fluorescence in situ hybridization, or FISH, was developed in the early 1980s and has quickly become one of the most widely used techniques in cytogenetics. Labeled probes are used to bind complementary DNA or RNA sequences on a chromosome or in a region within a cell. Earlier, the probes could only be obtained by cloning or reverse transcription of a DNA template. Currently, the probe oligonucleotides can be synthesized synthetically. Additionally, with the advancement of optical techniques,...
16.9K
Atypical Pneumonia01:14

Atypical Pneumonia

77
Atypical pneumonia, often caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, is a form of pulmonary infection that differs from the classical presentation of bacterial pneumonia in both its cause and clinical symptoms. Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a pleomorphic bacterium notable for its lack of a rigid cell wall. This structural characteristic imparts resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics and significantly influences the bacterium’s behavior within the human host.Other pathogens responsible for the disease...
77
Types of Intermediate Filaments01:31

Types of Intermediate Filaments

3.7K
The intermediate filaments are an essential component of the cytoskeleton. Presently six types of intermediate filament have been identified. Type I and II are acidic and basic keratin proteins. Type III is of mesodermal origin and comprises four proteins: vimentin, desmin, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and peripherin. Vimentin is commonly found in mesenchymal cells, desmin in muscle cells, GFAP in astrocytes, while peripherin is found in peripheral nervous system neurons (PNS). Type...
3.7K
Cystic Fibrosis: Pathogenesis01:23

Cystic Fibrosis: Pathogenesis

1.1K
Cystic fibrosis (CF), an autosomal recessive disorder, significantly affects the function of exocrine glands. This genetically inherited disease is characterized by the production of thick and sticky mucus, which can severely affect various organs and systems in the body.
CF is primarily caused by a genetic mutation in a chromosome 7 gene coding for the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein. The most common gene mutation leading to CF is the ΔF508 mutation,...
1.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Unintentional ingestion of recreational drugs among young children, 2000-2024.

BMC public health·2026
Same author

American Academy of Clinical Toxicology position statement on the appropriate scheduling of drugs.

Clinical toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.)·2026
Same author

Comparison of Pediatric and Adult Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist Exposures Reported To United States Poison Centers, 2017-2024.

Journal of medical toxicology : official journal of the American College of Medical Toxicology·2026
Same author

Investigation of the toxic dose of ingested delta-8 tetrahydrocannabinol among young children.

Injury epidemiology·2025
Same author

Poison Center Calls About Self-Harm or Suicidal Intent and Other Exposure Reasons in 6- to 12-Year-Old Children.

Pediatrics·2025
Same author

Nicotine Ingestions Among Young Children: 2010-2023.

Pediatrics·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 24, 2026

Identifying Per- and Polyfluorinated Chemical Species with a Combined Targeted and Non-Targeted-Screening High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Workflow
09:04

Identifying Per- and Polyfluorinated Chemical Species with a Combined Targeted and Non-Targeted-Screening High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Workflow

Published on: April 18, 2019

14.1K

Fluoropolymer-associated illness.

Hannah L Hays1, Henry Spiller

  • 1Department of Toxicology, Nationwide Children's Hospital , Columbus, OH , USA.

Clinical Toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.)
|September 10, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Exposure to waterproofing agents containing fluoropolymers can cause respiratory illness, often resembling polymer fume fever. Most cases improve with supportive care, but the exact cause remains unclear, necessitating further research into safe exposure limits.

Keywords:
FluorochemicalFluoropolymerFluororesinLeather proofingWaterproofing agentWeatherproofing agent

More Related Videos

Investigating Long-Distance Transport of Perfluoroalkyl Acids in Wheat via a Split-Root Exposure Technique
07:06

Investigating Long-Distance Transport of Perfluoroalkyl Acids in Wheat via a Split-Root Exposure Technique

Published on: September 28, 2022

1.8K
Facile and Efficient Preparation of Tri-component Fluorescent Glycopolymers via RAFT-controlled Polymerization
10:54

Facile and Efficient Preparation of Tri-component Fluorescent Glycopolymers via RAFT-controlled Polymerization

Published on: June 19, 2015

13.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 24, 2026

Identifying Per- and Polyfluorinated Chemical Species with a Combined Targeted and Non-Targeted-Screening High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Workflow
09:04

Identifying Per- and Polyfluorinated Chemical Species with a Combined Targeted and Non-Targeted-Screening High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Workflow

Published on: April 18, 2019

14.1K
Investigating Long-Distance Transport of Perfluoroalkyl Acids in Wheat via a Split-Root Exposure Technique
07:06

Investigating Long-Distance Transport of Perfluoroalkyl Acids in Wheat via a Split-Root Exposure Technique

Published on: September 28, 2022

1.8K
Facile and Efficient Preparation of Tri-component Fluorescent Glycopolymers via RAFT-controlled Polymerization
10:54

Facile and Efficient Preparation of Tri-component Fluorescent Glycopolymers via RAFT-controlled Polymerization

Published on: June 19, 2015

13.3K

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Occupational Medicine
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Outbreaks of respiratory illness linked to fluoropolymer products like waterproofing agents have been documented globally.
  • The precise mechanism causing these illnesses remains undefined, hindering prevention efforts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the epidemiology, toxicity mechanisms, and clinical outcomes of respiratory illnesses caused by fluoropolymer-containing products.
  • To synthesize current knowledge on fluoropolymer-associated respiratory illnesses.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature review was conducted using OVID Medline and PubMed databases.
  • Searches included terms like "fluoropolymer," "waterproofing agent," and "weatherproofing agent" from 1946 to 2012.
  • Bibliographies of relevant articles were screened for additional studies.

Main Results:

  • Fluoropolymer-associated respiratory illnesses present with acute respiratory and flu-like symptoms, similar to polymer fume fever.
  • Toxicity can stem from the fluoropolymer or its solvent, influenced by particle size, application, and environmental factors.
  • Supportive care, including fresh air and oxygen, is often sufficient treatment.

Conclusions:

  • Fluoropolymer waterproofing agents can induce lung injury with abrupt respiratory symptoms; most recover with supportive care.
  • The exact causative agent is often obscured by proprietary product information, suggesting a multifactorial etiology.
  • Further research is crucial to elucidate the illness mechanism and establish safe exposure limits.