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Related Concept Videos

Types of RNA01:23

Types of RNA

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Overview
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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Types of RNA01:20

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Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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RNA Interference01:23

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RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
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RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...
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RNA Editing02:23

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RNA editing is a post-transcriptional modification where a precursor mRNA (pre-mRNA) nucleotide sequence is changed by base insertion, deletion, or modification. The extent of RNA editing varies from a few hundred bases, in mitochondrial DNA of trypanosomes, to a just single base, in nuclear genes of mammals. Even a single base change in the pre-mRNA can convert a codon for one amino acid into the codon for another amino acid or a stop codon. This type of re-coding can significantly affect the...
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Engineering Artificial Factors to Specifically Manipulate Alternative Splicing in Human Cells
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Manipulation of RNA using engineered proteins with customized specificity.

Rajarshi Choudhury1, Zefeng Wang

  • 1Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, 4113 Genetic Medicine, 120 Mason Farm Rd, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.

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|September 10, 2014
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Summary

Researchers are engineering artificial RNA-binding proteins for precise gene expression control. These custom factors offer new tools for biological research and potential therapeutic applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry
  • Synthetic Biology

Background:

  • RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are crucial regulators of eukaryotic gene expression.
  • Many RBPs feature modular designs with RNA-binding domains and functional modules.
  • Engineering artificial RNA-binding factors has lagged behind DNA-binding protein engineering.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review advances in engineering RNA-binding proteins.
  • To highlight design principles for creating customized RNA-binding factors.
  • To discuss the potential applications of engineered RBPs in research and medicine.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on engineered RNA-binding proteins.
  • Analysis of design strategies for specificity and function.
  • Exploration of therapeutic and research tool applications.

Main Results:

  • Significant progress has been made in designing artificial RNA-binding proteins.
  • Engineered factors offer customized specificity and function for RNA manipulation.
  • These novel proteins hold promise for advancing biological and medical research.

Conclusions:

  • Engineering RNA-binding proteins is a rapidly developing field.
  • Customized RNA-binding factors represent powerful tools for manipulating RNA metabolism.
  • Potential applications include novel therapeutics and advanced biological research tools.