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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 24, 2026

Investigation of Microbial Cooperation via Imaging Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Bacterial Colonies Grown on Agar and in Tissue During Infection

Investigation of Microbial Cooperation via Imaging Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Bacterial Colonies Grown on Agar and in Tissue During Infection

Published on: November 18, 2022

Apicomplexan infections in the gut.

C L Wilhelm¹, F Yarovinsky

¹Departments of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, TX, USA.

Parasite Immunology

|September 10, 2014

Summary

Toxoplasma gondii and Cryptosporidium parvum are protozoan parasites causing disease in the immunocompromised. This review examines their small intestine invasion, immune responses, and microbiota interactions.

Keywords:

Cryptosporidium parvum IFNg Th1 Toxoplasma gondii microbiota parasite

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Area of Science:

Parasitology
Immunology
Gastroenterology

Background:

Toxoplasma gondii and Cryptosporidium parvum are Apicomplexan protozoan parasites.
They cause significant disease in immunodeficient individuals.
These parasites are implicated in inflammatory bowel disease.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the pathogenesis of T. gondii and C. parvum in the small intestine.
To explore the sequence of parasitic invasion.
To discuss Th1 immune responses and microbiota contributions.

Main Methods:

Literature review of parasitic pathogenesis.
Analysis of immune responses to T. gondii and C. parvum.
Examination of host-microbiota interactions in parasitic infections.

Main Results:

T. gondii disseminates systemically, while C. parvum remains intestinal.
Both parasites trigger Th1-biased immune responses.
Intestinal microbiota influences mucosal immunity development.

Conclusions:

Understanding small intestine invasion is key to managing these parasitic diseases.
Th1 immunity and microbiota are critical factors in host defense.
Further research is needed on the interplay between parasites, immunity, and microbiota.