Host immune modulation by antimicrobial drugs: current knowledge and implications for antimicrobial chemotherapy

It is known that antimicrobial agents possess several, beneficial, secondary properties which complement their primary antimicrobial activity like the immunomodulatory capacity that enforces host defense mechanisms or reduces host inflammatory response. In this review the current state of our recent research about the interaction between some antimicrobial agents and the immune system as complex pyramid of redundant cellular factors, humoral effectors and mediators against various microbial pathogens, will be presented and compared with recent literature data. The nature of such interactions is diverse and depends on the drug, the host immunological status and the microorganism. A more complete understanding of the host immune modulation by antimicrobial drugs may guide the selection of appropriate regimens for given clinical situations.