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The current epidemiology and clinical decisions surrounding acute respiratory infections

Aimee K Zaas1, Bronwen H Garner2, Ephraim L Tsalik3

  • 1Center for Applied Genomics and Precision Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.

Trends in Molecular Medicine
|September 10, 2014
PubMed

Insights

Accurate diagnostics are needed for acute respiratory infections (ARI) to reduce antibiotic overuse. Host-response biomarkers show promise for distinguishing bacterial from viral infections, guiding appropriate treatment.

Area of Science:

  • Biomedical diagnostics
  • Infectious disease research
  • Molecular biology

Background:

  • Acute respiratory infection (ARI) is a frequent diagnosis in outpatient and emergency settings.
  • Current diagnostic methods for ARI are limited, leading to uncertainty in treatment decisions.
  • Antibiotic overuse is prevalent in ARI cases, with up to 72% of ambulatory patients and 52-61% of emergency department patients receiving unnecessary antibiotics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent research on host-response biomarkers for diagnosing ARI.
  • To highlight the potential of genomic, proteomic, and miRNA signatures in differentiating bacterial from viral infections.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current scientific literature on host-response diagnostics for ARI.
  • Analysis of studies investigating genomic, proteomic, and miRNA profiles in patients with ARI.

Main Results:

  • Host-response signatures (genomic, proteomic, miRNA) show potential for accurately diagnosing ARI.
  • These biomarkers can help distinguish between bacterial and viral etiologies of ARI.

Conclusions:

  • Host-response biomarkers offer a promising avenue for developing accurate diagnostic tests for ARI.
  • Such tests could significantly reduce inappropriate antibiotic use and improve patient care for respiratory infections.
Keywords:
genomicshost–pathogen interactionviral respiratory infection

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