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Bullet on bullet fragmentation profile in soils.

W Andy Martin1, Catherine C Nestler2, Michelle Wynter3

  • 1U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Environmental Laboratory, Vicksburg, MS 39180, USA; Purdue University, Department of Agronomy, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.

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Bullet on bullet impacts significantly increase lead, antimony, and copper fragmentation in soil. This research impacts understanding metal mobility and environmental fate at firing ranges.

Keywords:
BulletCuFragmentationPbSbSoil

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Geochemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Small arms ammunition, often lead-antimony alloy slugs in brass jackets, is widely used for training and target practice.
  • Firing this ammunition introduces toxic metals into the environment, necessitating research into their behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the effects of bullet on bullet impacts on metal fragmentation in six different soil types.
  • To evaluate changes in metal distribution and particle size due to bullet impacts.

Main Methods:

  • Simulated bullet on bullet impacts using approximately 1050 tungsten-nylon bullets on legacy lead soils.
  • Sieve analysis and particle size distribution measurements to assess metal fragmentation and distribution changes.

Main Results:

  • Observed a significant shift in fragmentation profiles for lead, antimony, and copper in soils after repeated bullet impacts.
  • Bullet on bullet impacts increase the surface area to mass ratio of bullet metal alloys in soil.

Conclusions:

  • Bullet on bullet impacts demonstrably alter metal fragmentation, influencing potential environmental mobility and availability.
  • Findings provide crucial data for assessing the environmental fate and transport of metals at firing ranges.