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Endodermal/ectodermal interfaces during pharyngeal segmentation in vertebrates.

Victoria Shone1, Anthony Graham

  • 1MRC Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, King's College London, London, UK.

Journal of Anatomy
|September 10, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pharyngeal pouch development varies, with posterior pouches forming openings for gills in various species. This study details ectodermal-endodermal interactions during pharyngeal arch formation.

Keywords:
endoderm/ectodermgillspharyngeal archespharyngeal cleftspharyngeal pouchesvertebrate evolution

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Embryology
  • Comparative Anatomy

Background:

  • Pharyngeal arch formation involves endodermal pouches and ectodermal contact.
  • The specific interactions between endoderm and ectoderm in pharyngeal pouches are not well understood.
  • Variations in these interactions across different pouches and species are largely unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To detail the interactions between pharyngeal pouches and ectoderm in chick embryos.
  • To investigate the evolutionary conservation of these interactions by studying shark embryos.
  • To clarify endodermal-ectodermal relationships in zebrafish and mouse embryos using genetic tools.

Main Methods:

  • Detailed observation of pharyngeal pouch-ectoderm interactions in chick embryos.
  • Comparative analysis of pharyngeal ectodermal-endodermal interfaces in shark embryos.
  • Application of genetic tools in zebrafish and mouse embryos to study endoderm-ectoderm relationships.

Main Results:

  • The first pharyngeal pouch in chicks loses contact with the ectoderm.
  • A perforation forms between the second pouch and cleft, creating an external opening.
  • The third and fourth pouch endoderm bulges outwards, but external openings are not formed in chicks.
  • Posterior gill-bearing arches in sharks show outward endodermal bulging with established openings.
  • Posterior pouches in zebrafish and mice also break through the ectoderm.

Conclusions:

  • Different pharyngeal pouches establish distinct topological relationships with the overlying ectoderm.
  • Posterior pouches initiate the developmental program for gill formation in both amniotes and anamniotes.
  • These findings shed light on the evolutionary development of pharyngeal structures.