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Plants and other photosynthetic organisms comprise pigments capable of absorption of direct sunlight. These pigments are present in the reaction center - the main site of photochemical reactions as well as in the antenna complex. Under average light conditions, the rate at which reaction center pigments absorb light is far below the electron transport chain's capacity. As a result, the reaction center alone cannot provide enough energy to drive photosynthesis. The photosynthetic efficiency can...
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The light reactions of photosynthesis assume a linear flow of electrons from water to NADP+. During this process, light energy drives the splitting of water molecules to produce oxygen. However, oxidation of water molecules is a thermodynamically unfavorable reaction and requires a strong oxidizing agent. This is accomplished by the first product of light reactions: oxidized P680 (or P680+), the most powerful oxidizing agent known in biology. The oxidized P680 that acquires an electron from the...
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Reaction centers are pigment-protein complexes that initiate energy conversion from photons to chemical entities. Therefore, photochemical reaction center is a more appropriate term that describes these complexes. The Nobel laureates Robert Emerson and William Arnold provided the first experimental evidence of photochemical reaction centers by demonstrating the participation of nearly 2,500 chlorophyll molecules for the release of just one molecule of oxygen. Despite thousands of photosynthetic...
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The final stage of cellular respiration is oxidative phosphorylation that consists of two steps: the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis. The electron transport chain is a set of proteins found in the inner mitochondrial membrane in eukaryotic cells. Its primary function is to establish a proton gradient that can be used during chemiosmosis to produce ATP and generate electron carriers, such as NAD+ and FAD, that are used in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle.
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During the electron transport chain, electrons from NADH and FADH2 are first transferred to complexes I and II, respectively. These two complexes then transfer the electrons to ubiquinol, which carries them further to complex III. Complex III passes the electrons across the intermembrane space to Cyt c, which carries them further to complex IV. Complex IV donates electrons to oxygen and reduces it to water. As electrons pass through complexes I, III, and IV, the energy released aids the pumping...
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Developing Photosensitizer-Cobaloxime Hybrids for Solar-Driven H2 Production in Aqueous Aerobic Conditions
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A multi-heme flavoenzyme as a solar conversion catalyst.

Andreas Bachmeier1, Bonnie J Murphy, Fraser A Armstrong

  • 1Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford , South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, United Kingdom.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|September 10, 2014
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Artificial photosynthesis uses the enzyme flavocytochrome c3 (fcc3) to convert light energy into succinate, a valuable organic chemical. This system advances solar-driven synthesis beyond simple fuels.

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Area of Science:

  • Artificial photosynthesis
  • Bioinorganic chemistry
  • Solar energy conversion

Background:

  • Enzymatic catalysis offers sustainable routes for chemical synthesis.
  • Artificial photosynthesis aims to mimic natural processes for energy and chemical production.
  • Flavocytochrome c3 (fcc3) is an enzyme capable of catalyzing hydrogenation reactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To utilize fcc3 in an artificial photosynthesis system for solar-driven succinate production.
  • To develop a photoelectrochemical cell for efficient solar-to-chemical conversion.
  • To explore the synthesis of organic chemicals using renewable energy.

Main Methods:

  • Immobilization of fcc3 onto dye-sensitized TiO2 nanoparticles.
  • Construction of a photoelectrochemical cell with modified electrodes (indium tin oxide and BiVO4).
  • Visible-light irradiation of aqueous suspension for succinate production.

Main Results:

  • Visible-light-driven succinate production was successfully catalyzed by immobilized fcc3.
  • The photoelectrochemical cell achieved solar-to-chemical conversion using neutral water as the oxidant.
  • Demonstrated the feasibility of using fcc3 for solar energy-driven synthesis of organic commodities.

Conclusions:

  • Enzyme-based artificial photosynthesis is a viable strategy for producing valuable organic chemicals.
  • This work opens new avenues for solar-energy-driven synthesis of chemicals and materials.
  • The developed system moves beyond simple fuel production towards complex organic synthesis.