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Interactions between ageing and NeuroAIDS.

Joanna Hellmuth1, Benedetta Milanini, Victor Valcour

  • 1aDepartment of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA bInstitute of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy cDivision of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.

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The success of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) has led to an ageing HIV-infected population, increasing the prevalence of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND). Advances clarify HAND causes, but effective screening tools are still needed for older patients living with HIV.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) has led to an ageing HIV-infected population.
  • This demographic shift increases the prevalence of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize recent advances in ageing and neuroAIDS.
  • Review relevant articles from the preceding 18 months from PubMed and PsycINFO databases.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of PubMed and PsycINFO databases.
  • Analysis of articles published within the last 18 months.

Main Results:

  • Biomedical advances are clarifying HAND pathophysiology, including chronic inflammatory and neurovascular causes, despite effective cART.
  • Recent findings link HAND to nonneurological medical diseases and neuroimaging in ageing individuals with HIV.
  • Developing effective screening tools for HAND remains a significant gap.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding HAND pathophysiology in treated individuals with suppressed virus is crucial for developing targeted interventions.
  • Neuroimaging and biomarkers show promise in differentiating HAND from age-associated cognitive disorders.
  • Effective screening tools are critically needed to address the needs of the growing population of older patients living with HIV.