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Ball python nidovirus: a candidate etiologic agent for severe respiratory disease in Python regius.

Mark D Stenglein1, Elliott R Jacobson2, Edward J Wozniak3

  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.

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This summary is machine-generated.

A novel nidovirus, named ball python nidovirus (BPNV), has been identified as the cause of a fatal respiratory disease in captive ball pythons. This discovery marks the first known nidovirus infection in reptiles and aids in understanding reptile diseases.

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Pathology
  • Virology
  • Herpetology

Background:

  • A severe, sometimes fatal respiratory disease affects captive ball pythons (Python regius) since the late 1990s.
  • The etiology of this disease has remained unknown, impacting veterinary care for these popular pets.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify the causative agent of the respiratory disease in ball pythons.
  • To characterize the novel virus and its relationship to other known viruses.
  • To enable the development of diagnostics for disease control in captive snake populations.

Main Methods:

  • Pathological and diagnostic analyses of case and control samples.
  • Unbiased metagenomic sequencing to identify novel pathogens.
  • Genome assembly and phylogenetic analysis of the identified virus.

Main Results:

  • Filamentous virus-like particles were observed in lung tissues of affected pythons.
  • Abundant nidovirus-like sequences were detected exclusively in diseased animals.
  • A novel virus, ball python nidovirus (BPNV), was identified with a 33.5-kb RNA genome, the largest reported for a nidovirus.
  • BPNV RNA was confirmed in all diseased pythons (n=8) but not in healthy snakes (n=57).

Conclusions:

  • Ball python nidovirus (BPNV) is identified as the likely cause of the respiratory disease in ball pythons.
  • This finding represents the first report of a nidovirus infecting a reptile, expanding the known host range for this viral order.
  • The discovery of BPNV contributes to understanding nidovirus evolution and provides a basis for developing diagnostic tools and disease management strategies.