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Negative socioeconomic changes and mental disorders: a longitudinal study.

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Global economic uncertainty impacts mental health. Job loss and income reduction significantly increase the risk of mood and anxiety disorders, with gender-specific effects observed.

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Area of Science:

  • Mental Health Research
  • Socioeconomic Impact Studies
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Growing concern exists regarding the influence of global economic uncertainties on population mental health.
  • This study investigates the link between negative socioeconomic changes and the onset of mental disorders.
  • The moderating role of gender in this association was also examined.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the association between job loss and household income reduction with incident mental disorders.
  • To assess the moderating effect of gender on these associations.
  • To understand the public mental health impact of socioeconomic changes.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study-2 (NEMESIS-2), a longitudinal population-based study.
  • Selected individuals with paid employment and no prior mental disorder at baseline, reassessed 3 years later.
  • Employed multivariate logistic models to analyze the association between socioeconomic changes and incident mood, anxiety, and substance use disorders.

Main Results:

  • After 3 years, 6% experienced job loss, 11% had substantial income reduction, and 12.2% developed a mental disorder.
  • Household income reduction increased the risk of any mental disorder (aOR=1.77), especially mood disorders (aOR=2.24).
  • Job loss elevated the risk of mood disorders (aOR=2.02), with gender-specific effects: job loss risk for men (aOR=3.04), income reduction risk for women (aOR=2.32).

Conclusions:

  • Negative socioeconomic changes significantly elevate the risk of incident mental disorders, particularly mood disorders.
  • Interventions are needed to mitigate the public mental health consequences of socioeconomic changes for both men and women.
  • Findings highlight the vulnerability of mental health to economic instability.