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Related Concept Videos

Translation01:31

Translation

16.8K
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life
Proteins are...
16.8K
Translation01:31

Translation

133.3K
Lesson: Translation
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of...
133.3K
Translational Regulation01:29

Translational Regulation

869
Translational regulation in prokaryotes ensures efficient protein synthesis by controlling ribosome access to mRNA. This regulation is mediated by secondary RNA structures, including translational riboswitches, RNA thermometers, and small RNAs (sRNAs), which respond to intracellular and environmental signals to modulate gene expression.Translational RiboswitchesRiboswitches in the leader region of mRNAs can regulate translation by altering the accessibility of the Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence,...
869
Improving Translational Accuracy02:07

Improving Translational Accuracy

2.6K
2.6K
Improving Translational Accuracy02:07

Improving Translational Accuracy

11.5K
Base complementarity between the three base pairs of mRNA codon and the tRNA anticodon is not a failsafe mechanism. Inaccuracies can range from a single mismatch to no correct base pairing at all. The free energy difference between the correct and nearly correct base pairs can be as small as 3 kcal/ mol. With complementarity being the only proofreading step, the estimated error frequency would be one wrong amino acid in every 100 amino acids incorporated. However, error frequencies observed in...
11.5K
Blood Transfusion and Agglutination02:45

Blood Transfusion and Agglutination

12.6K
Blood transfusion is a therapeutic measure to restore the blood volume after extensive blood loss due to an accident or a medical procedure. Blood transfusion involves drawing a certain amount of blood from a suitable donor and infusing it into the recipient.
History
The history of blood transfusion dates back to the 17th century, when early attempts were made in animals. In 1818 James Blundell, a British doctor, performed the first successful human blood transfusion. Later in 1900, Karl...
12.6K

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Bioinformatic analysis of big data in chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML).

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 24, 2026

A Precision Medicine Tool for Measurement and Monitoring of Hemoglobin S in Sickle Cell Disease Patients Receiving Transfusion Therapy
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A Precision Medicine Tool for Measurement and Monitoring of Hemoglobin S in Sickle Cell Disease Patients Receiving Transfusion Therapy

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Translational hematology.

Klaus Geissler1

  • 15th Department of Internal Medicine-Oncology/Hematology, Vienna and Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Clinical Oncology, Krankenhaus Hietzing, Wolkersbergenstraße 1, 1130, Vienna, Austria, klaus.geissler@wienkav.at.

Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift (1946)
|September 11, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Translational research bridges basic science and clinical cancer medicine by developing targeted drugs. This approach yields more effective cancer treatments with fewer side effects.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Translational Medicine
  • Drug Development

Background:

  • Translational research is key to translating basic science discoveries into clinical cancer treatments.
  • The ultimate goal is developing drugs targeting cancer's specific molecular pathophysiology.
  • This research involves identifying molecular aberrations, confirming their relevance, and testing drug efficacy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the importance of translational research in modern cancer medicine.
  • To showcase prominent examples of successful translational research in oncology.
  • To demonstrate the benefits of pathophysiology-oriented anticancer drugs.

Main Methods:

  • Discovery of cytogenetic/molecular aberrations.
  • Demonstration of pathophysiological relevance through in vitro experiments.
  • Preclinical testing in animal models to inform clinical trials.
  • Development of drugs until clinical application.

Main Results:

  • Modern pathophysiology-oriented anticancer drugs are now available.
  • These drugs offer higher efficacy compared to traditional treatments.
  • Associated toxicity is significantly lower with these novel therapies.

Conclusions:

  • Translational research has successfully delivered advanced cancer therapies.
  • Targeting specific molecular pathways improves treatment outcomes.
  • Continued investment in translational research is crucial for future cancer medicine advancements.