Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Serotonin Receptor Agonists01:23

Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Serotonin Receptor Agonists

1.3K
Serotonin, a crucial neurotransmitter synthesized by enterochromaffin cells, plays a cardinal role in regulating gastrointestinal (GI) motility. With over 90% of the body's total serotonin in the GI tract, its influence on digestive processes is profound. Serotonin is swiftly released upon various stimuli, such as food boluses or certain drugs, triggering intrinsic sensory neurons in the myenteric plexus and extrinsic vagal and spinal sensory neurons. This leads to the activation of the...
1.3K
GPCRs Regulate Adenylyl Cylase Activity01:09

GPCRs Regulate Adenylyl Cylase Activity

6.8K
Some GPCRs transmit signals through adenylyl cyclase (AC), a transmembrane enzyme. AC helps synthesize second messenger cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). AC catalyzes cyclization reaction and converts ATP to cAMP by releasing a pyrophosphate. The pyrophosphate is further hydrolyzed to phosphate by the enzyme pyrophosphatase, which drives cAMP synthesis to completion. However, cAMP is rapidly degraded to 5′ AMP by the enzymes phosphodiesterase (PDE), preventing overstimulation of...
6.8K
G-protein Coupled Receptors01:21

G-protein Coupled Receptors

90.7K
G-protein coupled receptors are ligand binding receptors that indirectly affect changes in the cell. The actual receptor is a single polypeptide that transverses the cell membrane seven times creating intracellular and extracellular loops. The extracellular loops create a ligand specific pocket which binds to neurotransmitters or hormones. The intracellular loops holds onto the G-protein.
90.7K
Feedback Regulation of Calcium Concentration01:27

Feedback Regulation of Calcium Concentration

2.9K
Calcium is an essential signaling molecule required for various cellular functions. Calcium pumps and ion channels on cell and organellar membranes, such as those on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), regulate calcium concentrations inside the cell. They remain closed, keeping the cytosolic calcium levels low at a resting state.
Various transmembrane receptors, such as G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), elicit a response to extracellular signals by increasing cytosolic calcium. Activated GPCRs...
2.9K
Ligand-Gated Ion Channel Receptor: Gating Mechanism01:30

Ligand-Gated Ion Channel Receptor: Gating Mechanism

4.5K
Ligand-gated ion channels are transmembrane proteins that play a vital role in intercellular communication and functions of the nervous system. They allow the influx of ions across the membrane once the neurotransmitter binds, allowing the subsequent transmission of electrical excitation across the neurons. Other ligand-gated ion channels, like the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor, permit anions like chloride into the cells on the binding of the GABA molecule. Their entry into the cell...
4.5K
G-Protein Gated Ion Channels01:21

G-Protein Gated Ion Channels

5.4K
GPCRs are primarily responsible for our sense of smell, taste, and vision.  The binding of a sensory stimulus activates GPCR to stimulate effector proteins, many of which are ion channels in the sensory organs. GPCRs modulate the opening and closing of the target ion channels either directly by binding them, or by releasing second messengers that activate these channels. As ions move across the membrane, the membrane potential is altered, which induces an appropriate response.
Sensory...
5.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Correlation between liver stiffness measurement and hepatocellular carcinoma risk: A case control study.

Bioinformation·2026
Same author

Decoding Cervical Cancer Biomarkers: An Integrated Framework of Bioinformatics, Machine Learning, and Experimental Confirmation.

Cancer investigation·2025
Same author

Bioinformatics-Driven Investigations of Signature Biomarkers for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.

Bioinformatics and biology insights·2025
Same author

Neurological effects of carbon quantum dots on zebrafish: A review.

Neuroscience·2024
Same author

Bioinformatics-driven identification of prognostic biomarkers in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma.

Frontiers in nephrology·2024
Same author

Role of Candida in the bioremediation of pollutants: a review.

Letters in applied microbiology·2023

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 24, 2026

Ex Vivo Release of Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide from the Trigeminovascular System in Rodents
08:39

Ex Vivo Release of Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide from the Trigeminovascular System in Rodents

Published on: May 16, 2022

4.7K

Serotonin and CGRP in migraine.

Milan Aggarwal1, Veena Puri2, Sanjeev Puri3

  • 1Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014.

Annals of Neurosciences
|September 11, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Migraine involves neurovascular changes and neurotransmitter imbalances, particularly serotonin and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). Understanding these factors, especially in women, aids in developing effective migraine treatments.

Keywords:
CGRPMenstrual migraineMigraineSerotoninTrigeminal ganglia

More Related Videos

Investigating Migraine-Like Behavior Using Light Aversion in Mice
05:23

Investigating Migraine-Like Behavior Using Light Aversion in Mice

Published on: August 11, 2021

3.6K
Detection and Quantification of Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide CGRP in Human Plasma Using a Modified Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
07:14

Detection and Quantification of Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide CGRP in Human Plasma Using a Modified Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

Published on: June 16, 2023

3.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 24, 2026

Ex Vivo Release of Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide from the Trigeminovascular System in Rodents
08:39

Ex Vivo Release of Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide from the Trigeminovascular System in Rodents

Published on: May 16, 2022

4.7K
Investigating Migraine-Like Behavior Using Light Aversion in Mice
05:23

Investigating Migraine-Like Behavior Using Light Aversion in Mice

Published on: August 11, 2021

3.6K
Detection and Quantification of Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide CGRP in Human Plasma Using a Modified Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
07:14

Detection and Quantification of Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide CGRP in Human Plasma Using a Modified Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

Published on: June 16, 2023

3.6K

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neuroscience
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Migraine is a prevalent neurovascular disorder, affecting women 3:1 more than men.
  • It involves intracranial vasodilation and trigeminal nerve activation, releasing pain mediators like CGRP.
  • Decreased serotonin levels are observed in migraineurs, suggesting its role in the condition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the roles of serotonin and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in migraine pathophysiology.
  • To explore the connection between hormonal fluctuations, serotonin, CGRP, and migraine susceptibility in women.
  • To discuss current and potential therapeutic targets for migraine treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on migraine, serotonin, CGRP, and hormonal influences.
  • Analysis of the mechanisms of action for triptans and CGRP antagonists.
  • Examination of the link between estrogen levels and migraine frequency.

Main Results:

  • Triptans, serotonin receptor agonists, normalize CGRP levels and treat migraines.
  • CGRP receptor antagonists like olcegepant and telcagepant are emerging therapeutics.
  • Estrogen fluctuations impact serotonin and CGRP, increasing migraine predisposition in women.

Conclusions:

  • Serotonin and CGRP are critical in migraine pathogenesis.
  • Targeting the trigeminovascular system and these molecules offers effective migraine treatment strategies.
  • Hormonal factors significantly influence migraine, particularly in menstrual migraine.