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Related Concept Videos

Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction01:15

Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction

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Ischemic stroke is an acute cerebrovascular condition in which blood flow to a brain region is suddenly interrupted, leading to tissue infarction. Neurons depend on continuous oxygen and glucose supply, so even brief reductions in perfusion cause energy failure, ionic imbalance, and irreversible injury. Ischemic strokes are classified into thrombotic and embolic types based on their underlying mechanisms.Thrombotic MechanismsThrombotic stroke develops when a clot forms within a cerebral artery.
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Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:15

Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

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An ischemic stroke occurs when a cerebral blood vessel becomes obstructed, most often by a thrombus or embolus, interrupting the delivery of oxygen and glucose to brain tissue. Because neurons rely on continuous aerobic metabolism, energy failure begins within minutes of reduced perfusion. The region receiving the least blood flow becomes the infarct core, an area of irreversible cellular death. Surrounding this core lies the penumbra, a zone of hypoperfused but still viable tissue that is...
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Transient Ischemic Attack l: Introduction01:26

Transient Ischemic Attack l: Introduction

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A transient ischemic attack (TIA) is a brief episode of neurological dysfunction caused by a temporary, focal reduction in cerebral blood flow. Although symptoms resemble those of an ischemic stroke, the interruption in perfusion is short-lived and does not cause permanent infarction. TIAs are clinically important because they often serve as early warning events for future stroke.Mechanisms of Transient Cerebral IschemiaTransient cerebral ischemia may arise through several mechanisms. One...
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Ischemic Heart Disease: Overview01:17

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Ischemic heart disease occurs when the heart's blood supply dwindles, causing an ominous lack of oxygen and nutrients. This deficiency, stemming from reduced or obstructed blood flow, spells danger, leading to heart muscle damage and dysfunction.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 24, 2026

Author Spotlight: Enhancing Cerebral Ischemia Research with a Simplified Rat Model
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Persimmon leaf flavonoid promotes brain ischemic tolerance.

Mingsan Miao1, Xuexia Zhang1, Ming Bai1

  • 1Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450008, Henan Province, China.

Neural Regeneration Research
|September 11, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Persimmon leaf flavonoid enhances brain ischemic tolerance by reducing inflammation and vascular injury. High doses show effects similar to the drug ginaton in protecting against cerebral ischemia.

Keywords:
brain injurybrain ischemic toleranceendothelinginatongrants-supported paperintercellular adhesion molecule-1ischemia/reperfusion injuryischemic preconditioningneural regenerationneuroregenerationpersimmon leaf flavonoidtraditional Chinese medicine

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Pharmacology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Persimmon leaf flavonoid (PLF) is known to improve brain ischemic tolerance.
  • The precise mechanism underlying PLF's neuroprotective effects requires further elucidation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the protective mechanisms of PLF against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.
  • To compare the efficacy of PLF with ginaton in a rat model of cerebral ischemia.

Main Methods:

  • Cerebral ischemia was induced in rats via middle cerebral artery occlusion.
  • Animals received varying doses of PLF or ginaton following ischemic preconditioning.
  • Biomarkers of inflammation and vascular endothelial injury were measured post-reperfusion.

Main Results:

  • Ischemic preconditioning significantly reduced inflammatory markers (endothelin, thrombomodulin, von Willebrand factor, intercellular adhesion molecule-1) and brain tissue injury.
  • PLF administration, particularly at high doses (200 mg/kg), markedly reduced these markers and injury.
  • The neuroprotective effects of 200 mg/kg PLF were comparable to 20 mg/kg ginaton.

Conclusions:

  • Ischemic preconditioning confers tolerance to severe cerebral ischemia.
  • Persimmon leaf flavonoid enhances ischemic tolerance by mitigating inflammatory responses and vascular endothelial damage.
  • High-dose PLF demonstrates significant neuroprotective potential, similar to established treatments like ginaton.