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Changes in brain activation patterns according to cross-training effect in serial reaction time task: An functional

Yong Hyun Kwon¹, Jung Won Kwon¹, Ji Won Park²

¹Department of Physical Therapy, Yeungnam College of Science & Technology, Daegu, Damgu 705-703, Republic of Korea.

Neural Regeneration Research

|September 11, 2014

Summary

Motor skill training in one limb improves performance in the opposite limb through cross-training. This study used functional MRI to show that learning in one limb alters brain activation patterns in both hemispheres and the cerebellum.

Keywords:

cerebellar activation cortical activation cross-training effects dentate nucleus functional MRI grants-supported paper motor skill learning neural regeneration neuroimaging neuroregeneration photographs-containing paper primary motor cortex response accuracy response time serial reaction time task vermis

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Motor Learning
Cognitive Neuroscience

Background:

Cross-training demonstrates that motor skill acquisition in one limb can enhance performance in the contralateral limb.
The neural mechanisms underlying this cross-limb transfer of motor learning are not fully understood.
Investigating brain activation changes during cross-training can elucidate the neuroplasticity involved.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate if motor performance of an untrained limb improves following unilateral training of the opposite limb using a serial reaction time task.
To determine if skill acquisition in the trained limb leads to changes in brain activation patterns in the untrained limb.
To explore the neural correlates of cross-limb motor learning using functional MRI.

Main Methods:

20 healthy, right-handed subjects were divided into training and control groups.
The training group underwent a 10-day serial reaction time task (SRTT) with their non-dominant left hand.
Functional MRI (fMRI) scanned brain activity during SRTT performance with the untrained right hand, comparing pre- and post-training measures.

Main Results:

The training group showed significant improvements in response time and accuracy in both trained (left) and untrained (right) hands post-training.
The control group exhibited no significant changes in the untrained hand.
fMRI revealed decreased cortical motor area activation and increased cerebellar activation (vermis, ipsilateral dentate nucleus) in the training group during untrained hand performance.

Conclusions:

Motor skills learned via unilateral training are effectively transferred to the contralateral homologous limb.
Skill acquisition in one limb induces neuroplastic changes in both cerebral and cerebellar regions.
This study provides evidence for interhemispheric and cerebellar involvement in cross-limb motor learning.