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Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 24, 2026

Assessing Early Stage Open-Angle Glaucoma in Patients by Isolated-Check Visual Evoked Potential
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Flicker defined form perimetry in glaucoma suspects with normal achromatic visual fields.

Lukas Reznicek1, Julia Lamparter, Michaela Vogel

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, Ludwig Maximilians University Muenchen , Munich , Germany and.

Current Eye Research
|September 11, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Flicker-defined form (FDF) perimetry detects visual field defects in glaucoma suspects with normal standard automated perimetry. Repeated FDF perimetry confirms these visual field abnormalities in over half of glaucoma suspects.

Keywords:
Early glaucomaFDF perimetryHEPSAPglaucomaglaucoma suspects

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Glaucoma suspects with suspicious optic nerve heads or retinal nerve fiber layers often have normal achromatic standard automated perimetry (SAP).
  • Early detection of visual field (VF) defects is crucial for managing glaucoma.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of repeated flicker-defined form (FDF) perimetry in identifying VF defects in glaucoma suspects who exhibit normal results with SAP.
  • To compare FDF perimetry findings with standard perimetry and Heidelberg Retina Tomograph (HRT) assessments.

Main Methods:

  • Glaucoma suspects with clinically suspicious optic nerve heads (ONHs) or retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) findings and normal SAP were enrolled.
  • Patients underwent two sessions of FDF perimetry (Heidelberg Edge Perimetry, HEP I and HEP II) and HRT imaging.
  • Abnormal HEP results were determined using cluster-point analysis (CPA) and the glaucoma hemi-field test (GHT), with comparisons made to an age-matched healthy control group.

Main Results:

  • In glaucoma suspects, mean deviation (MD) in SAP was -0.9 ± 1.3 dB, while in HEP I and HEP II, it was -3.6 ± 3.0 dB and -3.3 ± 3.7 dB, respectively.
  • VF defects were detected by CPA in 58.5% of glaucoma suspects in HEP I and 51.8% in HEP II.
  • The HRT-assessed cup-to-disc ratio (CDR) correlated significantly with MD in HEP II (r = -0.281, p = 0.04).

Conclusions:

  • FDF perimetry identified visual field defects in over half of glaucoma suspects with clinically suspicious ONHs or RNFLs and normal SAP.
  • Repeated FDF perimetry demonstrates potential for detecting early glaucomatous visual field changes missed by standard automated perimetry.