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Sarcopenia: the new definitions.

Tommy Cederholm1, John E Morley

  • 1aDepartment of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University bDepartment of Geriatric Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden cDivisions of Geriatric Medicine and Endocrinology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.

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New international definitions for sarcopenia now require assessing both muscle mass and function, like walking speed or grip strength. These updated criteria predict adverse outcomes in older adults.

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Muscle Physiology
  • Clinical Diagnostics

Background:

  • Sarcopenia, the age-related loss of muscle mass and function, poses significant health risks.
  • Accurate diagnostic criteria are crucial for timely intervention and management.
  • Previous definitions varied, leading to inconsistencies in research and clinical practice.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present and discuss the latest international consensus definitions for sarcopenia.
  • To emphasize the importance of incorporating functional measures into sarcopenia diagnosis.
  • To review the evidence supporting these new definitions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature and international expert consensus reports.
  • Analysis of studies evaluating the predictive value of new sarcopenia definitions.
  • Synthesis of findings related to muscle mass and function assessment.

Main Results:

  • New international definitions for sarcopenia have been established.
  • These definitions incorporate both muscle mass and muscle function (e.g., gait speed, grip strength).
  • The updated criteria have been validated as predictive of negative health outcomes in older populations.

Conclusions:

  • International agreement has been reached on a comprehensive definition of sarcopenia.
  • The definition mandates the inclusion of objective measures of muscle function alongside muscle mass.
  • This consensus facilitates standardized diagnosis and research into sarcopenia interventions.