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Related Concept Videos

Working Memory01:24

Working Memory

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Working memory refers to a combination of components, including short-term memory and attention, that allow an individual to hold information temporarily as we perform cognitive tasks. It is an essential cognitive function that enables the execution of complex tasks such as problem-solving, comprehension, and reasoning. Unlike short-term memory, which simply involves the storage of information for a brief period, working memory involves the active manipulation and processing of this...
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Chunking and Rehearsal in Sensory Memory01:22

Chunking and Rehearsal in Sensory Memory

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Improving short-term memory can be achieved through techniques like chunking and rehearsal. Chunking involves organizing information into larger, more manageable units. This technique is particularly useful for information that exceeds the typical memory span of between five and nine items. For instance, logging into an online account with a password like "ta89vq0179gz" involves grouping letters and numbers into three chunks—ta89, vq01, and 79gz. It makes large amounts of...
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Long-Term Memory01:18

Long-Term Memory

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Long-term memory is a relatively permanent type of memory, capable of storing vast amounts of information over extended periods. Its storage capacity is generally considered unlimited.
Long-term memory can be categorized into two primary types: explicit and implicit memory. Explicit memory, also known as declarative memory, involves the conscious recollection of information that we deliberately try to remember, recall, and articulate. This type of memory encompasses specific facts, events, and...
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Explicit Memories01:27

Explicit Memories

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Explicit memories, also known as declarative memories, are consciously remembered, recalled, and reported. Studying for a chemistry exam involves material that will become part of explicit memory. There are two types of explicit memory: episodic and semantic.
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Interference and Decay01:16

Interference and Decay

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Forgetting is a complex cognitive phenomenon influenced by several factors, among which interference and decay are particularly prominent. These processes explain why individuals often struggle to retrieve specific information from memory, leading to lapses in recall that can be observed in everyday situations.
Interference occurs when competing memories hinder the retrieval of particular information. It can be classified into two types: proactive and retroactive interference. Proactive...
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Understanding Memory01:19

Understanding Memory

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Memory is the retention of information or experiences over time, facilitated through three main processes: encoding, storage, and retrieval. Encoding is the process of inputting information into the memory system. For instance, when listening to a lecture, watching a play, reading a book, or having a conversation, the brain is actively encoding information. This initial stage involves transforming sensory input into a form that can be processed and stored by the brain. Various factors, such as...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 24, 2026

Assessing Working Memory in Children: The Comprehensive Assessment Battery for Children – Working Memory (CABC-WM)
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Working memory recall precision is a more sensitive index than span.

Nahid Zokaei1,2, Stephanie Burnett Heyes1, Nikos Gorgoraptis3

  • 1Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK.

Journal of Neuropsychology
|September 12, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Working memory (WM) precision, measured by adjustment tasks, is a sensitive indicator in Parkinson's disease (PD). Recall precision detects WM changes in PD patients, unlike traditional span measures, highlighting its clinical potential.

Keywords:
Parkinson's DiseaseSpanWorking memory

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Using Practice Testing, Public Speaking, and Source Monitoring to Examine the Influences of Learning Strategies and Stress on Episodic Memory
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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Neuropsychology
  • Experimental Psychology

Background:

  • Delayed adjustment tasks assess working memory (WM) precision, but their use in patient populations is limited.
  • Classical span measures are standard for assessing WM capacity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To validate adjustment tasks by comparing WM precision with span measures across the lifespan.
  • To determine if WM precision offers a more sensitive measure than span measures, particularly in clinical populations.
  • To investigate WM in early Parkinson's disease (PD) and the effects of dopaminergic medication.

Main Methods:

  • Compared WM precision and span measures in 114 participants across different age groups.
  • Assessed WM precision and span measures in early, untreated Parkinson's disease (PD) patients before and after 3 months of dopaminergic medication.
  • Compared PD patients with control groups.

Main Results:

  • WM span measures correlated with precision across the lifespan in healthy individuals.
  • Span measures did not detect WM changes in PD patients, either pre- or post-treatment.
  • Recall precision was sensitive to WM changes in PD patients, showing significant impairment pre-medication and improvement post-medication.

Conclusions:

  • WM precision measures, using adjustment tasks, are more sensitive than traditional span measures for detecting cognitive changes in clinical populations like PD.
  • Recall precision shows potential as a valuable tool for investigating WM and treatment effects in neurological disorders.