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Related Concept Videos

Anthelminthic Agents01:15

Anthelminthic Agents

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Anthelmintic drugs differ significantly from antiparasitic therapies targeting protozoa, primarily due to differences in parasite biology. Whereas most protozoal treatments act on proliferating cells, anthelmintics are typically directed against mature, nonproliferative helminths. The therapeutic approach considers the helminth's reliance on neuromuscular coordination, glucose metabolism, and microtubular integrity for survival, reproduction, and localization within the host. Most anthelmintics...
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Anticholinesterases, also known as cholinesterase inhibitors, work by blocking the breakdown of acetylcholine, leading to its accumulation in the synaptic cleft. This accumulation indirectly enhances both muscarinic and nicotinic actions. These agents are classified as reversible or irreversible based on their mechanism of action.     
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Treatment strategies for poisoning are a critical aspect of emergency medicine, focusing on preventing the absorption of toxins and enhancing their elimination. When a poisoning incident occurs, the first response is to halt exposure and decontaminate the patient, particularly through gastrointestinal (GI) methods if the poison was ingested.Gastrointestinal Decontamination Techniques:Activated charcoal is the cornerstone of GI decontamination. It works through adsorption, binding the toxin to...
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A body temperature above  38°C  (100.4 °F) is known as fever or pyrexia, and a person with fever is termed 'febrile.' Typically, the hypothalamus, a part of the brain that acts as the body's thermostat, regulates body temperature through a thermoregulatory setpoint. It receives signals from cold and warm thermal receptors throughout the body and adjusts the body's temperature accordingly. Fever occurs when this hypothalamic setpoint is altered, usually in...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 24, 2026

High Yield Purification of Plasmodium falciparum Merozoites For Use in Opsonizing Antibody Assays
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Artemether for severe malaria.

Ekpereonne Esu1, Emmanuel E Effa, Oko N Opie

  • 1Department of Public Health, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria, 540271.

The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
|September 12, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Intramuscular artemether may be less effective than artesunate for severe malaria, but it is a viable alternative to quinine. This review compared artemether with quinine and artesunate in treating severe malaria.

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Area of Science:

  • Tropical Medicine
  • Pharmacology
  • Clinical Trials

Background:

  • The World Health Organization (WHO) recommended parenteral artesunate over quinine for severe malaria in 2011.
  • Many countries, especially in Africa, had already adopted artemether, an artemisinin derivative, prior to the WHO recommendation.
  • This review critically evaluates intramuscular artemether's efficacy and safety against quinine and artesunate.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the efficacy and safety of intramuscular artemether compared to other parenteral antimalarials for severe malaria in adults and children.
  • To provide evidence-based guidance on artemether's role in severe malaria treatment protocols.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review and meta-analysis of 18 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving 2662 participants.
  • Searched multiple databases including Cochrane, MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS, and Web of Science up to April 2014.
  • Assessed trial eligibility, risk of bias, and extracted data; summarized outcomes using risk ratios (RR) and mean differences (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI); used GRADE for evidence quality assessment.

Main Results:

  • In African children, intramuscular artemether showed little difference in mortality compared to quinine but may reduce coma and neurological sequelae.
  • Artemether likely shortens parasite and fever clearance times compared to quinine in African children.
  • In Asian adults, artemether likely reduces deaths compared to quinine but is associated with higher mortality than artesunate.

Conclusions:

  • Direct comparative evidence between artemether and artesunate is limited.
  • Artesunate appears more effective than artemether in preventing deaths from severe malaria.
  • Intramuscular artemether serves as a suitable alternative to quinine when artesunate is unavailable.