Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

RNA Interference01:23

RNA Interference

6.4K
6.4K
RNA Interference01:23

RNA Interference

24.2K
RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...
24.2K
Experimental RNAi02:15

Experimental RNAi

6.5K
RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...
6.5K
Viruses with RNA Genomes01:29

Viruses with RNA Genomes

1.5K
RNA viruses are categorized into positive-strand, negative-strand, or double-stranded groups based on their genomic structure and replication mechanisms. This classification dictates how they exploit host cellular machinery for protein synthesis and replication. Some RNA viruses also utilize reverse transcription as part of their life cycle, further diversifying their replication strategies.Positive-Strand RNA VirusesPositive-strand RNA viruses have genomes that function directly as messenger...
1.5K
siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs02:30

siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs

13.4K
Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
In the cytoplasm, siRNA is processed from a double-stranded RNA, which comes from either endogenous DNA transcription or exogenous sources like a virus. This double-stranded RNA is then cleaved by the...
13.4K
Inhibitors of Viral Protein Synthesis01:30

Inhibitors of Viral Protein Synthesis

54
Protein synthesis is indispensable for viral replication, as viruses lack the cellular machinery required for this process and must hijack the host's translational apparatus. In response, host cells deploy a critical innate immune defense involving interferons, specialized cytokines that play a central role in inhibiting viral propagation.Upon viral detection, infected cells release interferons that bind to receptors on adjacent uninfected cells, activating the JAK-STAT signaling pathway and...
54

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Efficacious genome editing in infant mice with glycogen storage disease type Ia.

JCI insight·2025
Same author

Author Correction: RNA conformational propensities determine cellular activity.

Nature·2023
Same author

RNA conformational propensities determine cellular activity.

Nature·2023
Same author

Genome editing using <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Cas9 in a canine model of glycogen storage disease Ia.

Molecular therapy. Methods & clinical development·2023
Same author

The SMC5/6 complex: An emerging antiviral restriction factor that can silence episomal DNA.

PLoS pathogens·2023
Same author

Epigenetic silencing by the SMC5/6 complex mediates HIV-1 latency.

Nature microbiology·2022

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 24, 2026

High-throughput Screening for Broad-spectrum Chemical Inhibitors of RNA Viruses
11:34

High-throughput Screening for Broad-spectrum Chemical Inhibitors of RNA Viruses

Published on: May 5, 2014

13.2K

Viruses and RNA interference: issues and controversies.

Bryan R Cullen1

  • 1Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology and Center for Virology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA bryan.cullen@duke.edu.

Journal of Virology
|September 12, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Mammalian cells' ability to use RNA interference for antiviral defense is debated. This review examines recent data and proposes a hypothesis to explain conflicting research findings on this innate immunity mechanism.

More Related Videos

Double-stranded RNA Oral Delivery Methods to Induce RNA Interference in Phloem and Plant-sap-feeding Hemipteran Insects
10:14

Double-stranded RNA Oral Delivery Methods to Induce RNA Interference in Phloem and Plant-sap-feeding Hemipteran Insects

Published on: May 4, 2018

13.2K
Confocal Imaging of Double-Stranded RNA and Pattern Recognition Receptors in Negative-Sense RNA Virus Infection
06:44

Confocal Imaging of Double-Stranded RNA and Pattern Recognition Receptors in Negative-Sense RNA Virus Infection

Published on: January 26, 2019

7.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 24, 2026

High-throughput Screening for Broad-spectrum Chemical Inhibitors of RNA Viruses
11:34

High-throughput Screening for Broad-spectrum Chemical Inhibitors of RNA Viruses

Published on: May 5, 2014

13.2K
Double-stranded RNA Oral Delivery Methods to Induce RNA Interference in Phloem and Plant-sap-feeding Hemipteran Insects
10:14

Double-stranded RNA Oral Delivery Methods to Induce RNA Interference in Phloem and Plant-sap-feeding Hemipteran Insects

Published on: May 4, 2018

13.2K
Confocal Imaging of Double-Stranded RNA and Pattern Recognition Receptors in Negative-Sense RNA Virus Infection
06:44

Confocal Imaging of Double-Stranded RNA and Pattern Recognition Receptors in Negative-Sense RNA Virus Infection

Published on: January 26, 2019

7.3K

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • The existence of an effective RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated antiviral innate immune response in mammalian cells is a contentious topic.
  • Conflicting experimental results have been reported, leading to ongoing debate within the scientific community.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent scientific data concerning RNA interference in mammalian antiviral immunity.
  • To propose a novel, testable hypothesis that reconciles contradictory findings in the field.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on RNA interference and innate immunity in mammals.
  • Analysis of experimental data to identify patterns and discrepancies.
  • Formulation of a unifying hypothesis based on the reviewed evidence.

Main Results:

  • Recent data provide new insights into the potential for RNA interference in mammalian antiviral defense.
  • The proposed hypothesis offers a framework for understanding the variability in experimental outcomes.
  • Key factors influencing the efficacy of RNAi-based antiviral responses are highlighted.

Conclusions:

  • The capacity of mammalian cells for RNA interference-mediated antiviral immunity warrants further investigation.
  • The proposed hypothesis can guide future research to definitively resolve the controversy.
  • Understanding this mechanism is crucial for developing novel antiviral strategies.