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Determinants of using pacifier and bottle feeding.
Gabriela dos Santos Buccini1, Maria Helena D'Aquino Benício1, Sonia Isoyama Venancio2
1Departamento de Nutrição, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
Mothers working outside the home and primiparity are linked to pacifier and bottle use in infants. Early consumption of liquids like tea also increases artificial nipple use in babies under one year.
Area of Science:
- Pediatrics
- Public Health
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Pacifier and bottle feeding are common infant practices.
- Understanding associated factors is crucial for promoting optimal infant feeding and health outcomes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze factors associated with pacifier use, bottle feeding, and combined artificial nipple use in infants under one year.
- To identify specific risk factors for exclusive pacifier use, exclusive bottle feeding, and combined use.
Main Methods:
- Cross-sectional study utilizing data from the 2nd Nationwide Survey of Breastfeeding Prevalence in Brazil (2008).
- Included 34,366 children, employing cluster sampling and Poisson regression with robust variance.
- Analyzed prevalence ratios for exclusive pacifier use, exclusive bottle feeding, and overall artificial nipple use.
Main Results:
- Maternal employment, primiparity, delayed initial breastfeeding, and early consumption of tea were associated with exclusive pacifier use.
- Exclusive bottle feeding was linked to maternal employment, primiparity, low birth weight, delayed initial breastfeeding, and early consumption of milk formula and tea.
- Combined artificial nipple use associated with maternal employment, primiparity, cesarean delivery, male gender, low birth weight, non-"baby friendly" hospital birth, and early consumption of formula, water, or tea.
Conclusions:
- Distinct profiles of exclusive pacifier users, bottle feeders, and combined users were identified.
- Findings can inform targeted preventive strategies to optimize infant feeding practices and child health.
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