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Related Concept Videos

Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay02:27

Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay

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Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay02:27

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The Upf proteins that carry out nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) are found in all eukaryotic organisms, including humans. Each protein has an individual role, but they need to work in collaboration. Upf1 is an ATP-dependent RNA helicase that unwinds the RNA helix. Because Upf1 can unwind any RNA, Upf2 and Upf3 are required to help Upf1 discriminate between nonsense and normal mRNAs.
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Nuclear Export of mRNA02:31

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Before mRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm, it is crucial to check each mRNA for structural and functional integrity. Eukaryotic cells use several different mechanisms, collectively known as mRNA surveillance, to look for irregularities in mRNAs. Irregular or aberrant mRNA are rapidly degraded by various enzymes. If a defective mRNA escapes the surveillance, it would be translated into a protein which would either be non-functional or not function properly. One of the primary irregularities in...
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Nuclear Export of mRNA02:31

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mRNA Stability and Gene Expression02:51

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The structure and stability of mRNA molecules regulates gene expression, as mRNAs are a key step in the pathway from gene to protein. In eukaryotes, the half-life of mRNA varies from a few minutes up to several days. mRNA stability is essential in growth and development. The absence of the proteins regulating its stability, such as tristetraprolin in mice, can cause systemic issues, including bone marrow overgrowth, inflammation, and autoimmunity.
Cis-acting Elements involved in mRNA stability
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RNA Interference01:23

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RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
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Measurement of mRNA Decay Rates in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Using rpb1-1 Strains
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NMD: nonsense-mediated defense.

Andreas Wachter1, Lisa Hartmann1

  • 1Center for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 32, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.

Cell Host & Microbe
|September 12, 2014
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) regulates gene expression and acts as a defense mechanism. Three new studies reveal how NMD protects plants and mammalian cells from pathogen infections.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Immunology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) is a crucial RNA surveillance pathway.
  • Beyond RNA surveillance, NMD plays a significant role in regulating host gene expression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of NMD in host-pathogen interactions.
  • To elucidate NMD-mediated defense mechanisms in plants and mammalian cells.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of gene expression profiles.
  • Functional assays in plant and mammalian cell models.
  • Pathogen challenge experiments.

Main Results:

  • NMD actively participates in cellular defense against pathogen invasion.
  • Specific NMD targets are identified that contribute to host resistance.
  • NMD pathway modulation impacts pathogen load and host survival.

Conclusions:

  • NMD is a key component of the innate immune system in both plants and animals.
  • Targeting NMD offers potential therapeutic strategies against infectious diseases.