Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Viral Structure00:56

Viral Structure

58.6K
Viruses are extraordinarily diverse in shape and size, but they all have several structural features in common. All viruses have a core that contains a DNA- or RNA-based genome. The core is surrounded by a protective coat of proteins called the capsid. The capsid is composed of subunits called capsomeres. The capsid and genome-containing core are together known as the nucleocapsid.
58.6K
Receptor-mediated Endocytosis01:20

Receptor-mediated Endocytosis

10.2K
Receptor-mediated endocytosis is when bulk amounts of specific molecules are imported into a cell after binding to cell surface receptors. The molecules bound to these receptors are taken into the cell through inward folding of the cell surface membrane, which is eventually pinched off into a vesicle within the cell. Structural proteins, such as clathrin, coat the budding vesicle.
Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis of LDL
One well-characterized example of receptor-mediated endocytosis is the...
10.2K
Intracellular Movement of Viruses and Bacteria01:10

Intracellular Movement of Viruses and Bacteria

3.0K
Intracellular bacteria and viruses often comprise a group of highly infectious pathogens that can cause several diseases. Bacterial pathogens include those belonging to the genus Rickettsia responsible for conditions such as rocky mountain spotted fever and the Mediterranean spotted fever; Chlamydia, a genus responsible for a sexually transmitted disease; Coxiella burnetii, an agent responsible for Q fever. Viral pathogens include vaccinia—a poxvirus, and herpes simplex virus—a...
3.0K
Intralumenal Vesicles and Multivesicular Bodies01:38

Intralumenal Vesicles and Multivesicular Bodies

3.9K
Intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) are small vesicles 50-80 nm in diameter formed during the maturation of early endosomes. A specialized endosome containing numerous ILVs is called a multivesicular body (MVB). ILVs contain internalized molecules such as antigens, nucleic acids, proteins, and metabolites. Some of these molecules are released from the MVBs inside exosomes and are transported to other cells. Other MVBs contain molecules that are retained in the ILVs and are later degraded within the...
3.9K
COP Coated Vesicles00:59

COP Coated Vesicles

12.6K
Membrane-enclosed structures called vesicles transport proteins and lipids across the cell. The vesicles derive their cargo from the plasma membrane, Golgi, ER, or endosome. Coated vesicles are spherical, protein-coated carriers with a 50–100 nm diameter that mediate bidirectional transport between the ER and the Golgi. The distribution of proteins between the ER and Golgi complex is dynamic and is maintained by different coated vesicles. Their formation is driven by the assembly of...
12.6K
Retrovirus Life Cycles01:10

Retrovirus Life Cycles

42.8K
Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the...
42.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Biochar-Enhanced Methane-Dependent Denitrification: Insights Into Pyrolysis Temperature-Driven Microbial Electron Transfer Pathways and Regulatory Mechanisms.

ChemSusChem·2026
Same author

A rare homozygous mutation in <i>TYROBP</i> resulting in early-onset dementia with bone cysts.

Neurocase·2026
Same author

A multimodal adaptive optical microscope for in vivo imaging from molecules to organisms.

Nature methods·2026
Same author

Structures of folding intermediates on BAM show diverse substrates fold by a conserved mechanism.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same author

Mechanism of membrane perforation in rotavirus cell entry.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Human Amniotic Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Promote Bone Regeneration via Regulating Ameloblastoma-Derived-Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Cells Crosstalk and Autophagy in Ameloblastoma Microenvironment.

Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 24, 2026

Assays for the Specific Growth Rate and Cell-binding Ability of Rotavirus
10:49

Assays for the Specific Growth Rate and Cell-binding Ability of Rotavirus

Published on: January 28, 2019

10.8K

Structural correlates of rotavirus cell entry.

Aliaa H Abdelhakim1, Eric N Salgado1, Xiaofeng Fu2

  • 1Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.

Plos Pathogens
|September 12, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Rotavirus uses its outer layer to drive entry into host cells, releasing its inner core into the cytoplasm within 10 minutes. This live-cell imaging study reveals the mechanism of non-enveloped virus penetration.

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Investigating Viral Disruption of Intestinal Epithelial Signaling &#8211; Research Insights and Future Directions
08:01

Author Spotlight: Investigating Viral Disruption of Intestinal Epithelial Signaling – Research Insights and Future Directions

Published on: January 19, 2024

2.0K
Simplified Reverse Genetics Method to Recover Recombinant Rotaviruses Expressing Reporter Proteins
11:40

Simplified Reverse Genetics Method to Recover Recombinant Rotaviruses Expressing Reporter Proteins

Published on: April 17, 2020

8.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 24, 2026

Assays for the Specific Growth Rate and Cell-binding Ability of Rotavirus
10:49

Assays for the Specific Growth Rate and Cell-binding Ability of Rotavirus

Published on: January 28, 2019

10.8K
Author Spotlight: Investigating Viral Disruption of Intestinal Epithelial Signaling &#8211; Research Insights and Future Directions
08:01

Author Spotlight: Investigating Viral Disruption of Intestinal Epithelial Signaling – Research Insights and Future Directions

Published on: January 19, 2024

2.0K
Simplified Reverse Genetics Method to Recover Recombinant Rotaviruses Expressing Reporter Proteins
11:40

Simplified Reverse Genetics Method to Recover Recombinant Rotaviruses Expressing Reporter Proteins

Published on: April 17, 2020

8.6K

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Cell Biology
  • Structural Biology

Background:

  • Non-enveloped viruses require translocation of a macromolecular complex into the host cytosol for cell entry.
  • Double-strand RNA viruses, such as rotavirus, utilize a complete subviral particle for entry.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mechanism of rotavirus entry and penetration into the cytosol using live-cell fluorescence imaging.
  • To track the fate of rotavirus's inner capsid particle (double-layered particle, DLP) and outer-layer proteins during cell entry.

Main Methods:

  • Live-cell fluorescence imaging with distinct fluorescent tags on DLP and outer-layer proteins.
  • Tracking viral particle binding, entry, and DLP release in BSC-1 cells.
  • Electron microscopy and electron cryotomography to visualize membrane-virion interactions.

Main Results:

  • Rotavirus particles bind to glycolipid receptors and become rapidly inaccessible.
  • DLP release into the cytosol occurs by approximately 10 minutes, indicated by DLP's diffusional motion.
  • Electron microscopy and cryotomography reveal virions driving their own uptake via membrane invaginations.

Conclusions:

  • Rotavirus entry involves the particle actively engaging and disrupting the host cell membrane.
  • A molecular model for membrane disruption and DLP penetration is proposed based on structural and imaging data.