Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Antigen Processing Pathways01:31

Antigen Processing Pathways

2.5K
MHC molecules are key players in the immune response, enabling T cells to recognize and respond to specific antigens. They are present on the surface of all nucleated cells in the body and are instrumental in presenting antigens to T cells and activating them. T cells recognize the MHC-antigen complex and initiate an immune response. MHC class I and MHC class II are two main types of MHC molecules, each associated with a distinct antigen processing pathway.
MHC Class I: Presenting Endogenous...
2.5K
Lysosomal Hydrolases01:22

Lysosomal Hydrolases

4.7K
Lysosomes are the site for the degradation of macromolecules and biological polymers released during membrane trafficking events such as secretory, endocytic, autophagic, and phagocytic pathways. The membrane-enclosed area of the lysosome, called the lumen, contains hydrolytic enzymes active in an acidic environment. These acid hydrolases are functional at a pH between 4.5 and 5 and are involved in cellular processes such as cell signaling, energy metabolism, restoration of the plasma membrane,...
4.7K
Lysosomes01:31

Lysosomes

26.7K
Lysosomes are membrane-enclosed spherical sacs derived from the Golgi apparatus. The most important function of the lysosome is degrading macromolecules and biological polymers that are released during membrane trafficking events such as the secretory, endocytic, autophagic, and phagocytic pathways. The degradation is carried out by several hydrolytic enzymes active in an acidic environment of the lysosomal lumen. These acid hydrolases are involved in cellular processes such as cell signaling,...
26.7K
Antigen Presenting Cells01:22

Antigen Presenting Cells

3.7K
The immune system is a complex network of cells and molecules that protects the body from foreign invaders. T cells, a type of white blood cell, play a crucial role in this process. They recognize and attack foreign substances, such as pathogens, that enter the body.
T cells require the help of antigen-presenting cells (APCs), which process foreign antigens into smaller fragments that can be recognized by T cells. These APCs are highly specialized cells that efficiently internalize antigens...
3.7K
Export of Misfolded Proteins out of the ER01:32

Export of Misfolded Proteins out of the ER

5.3K
After folding, the ER assesses the quality of secretory and membrane proteins. The correctly folded proteins are cleared by the calnexin cycle for transport to their final destination, while misfolded proteins are held back in the ER lumen. The ER chaperones attempt to unfold and refold the misfolded proteins but sometimes fail to achieve the correct native conformation. Such terminally misfolded proteins are then exported to the cytosol by ER-associated degradation or ERAD pathway for...
5.3K
Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome01:36

Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome

10.3K
Eukaryotic cells use different mechanisms to eliminate toxic waste obsolete and worn-out substances. Lysosomes play a pivotal role in this, and hence, these substances are carried to the lysosome from other parts of the cell and extracellular space through different pathways. The most elaborately studied pathways to the lysosome are the endocytic pathways.
Endocytosis
In endocytosis, the cell membrane takes up macromolecules and particles from the surrounding medium. Clathrin-mediated...
10.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The development of activity-based mannanase probes.

Chemical science·2026
Same author

A chemoproteomic biotechnological toolkit for resolving xylanase specificity in decorated xylan.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Oseltamivir aziridines are potent influenza neuraminidase inhibitors and imaging agents.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same author

Fully protected pyrophosphates <i>via</i> phosphorobromidates for the synthesis of biopolymers.

Chemical science·2026
Same author

Catalyzing Carbohydrate Cleavage: Glycosidases and Their Mechanisms.

Chemical reviews·2026
Same author

Modular Synthesis of Nucleoside Diphosphate Sugar Analogues Using Chlorosulfonyl Isocyanate and Dichlorophosphoryl Isocyanate.

Organic letters·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 24, 2026

Isolation of Salmonella typhimurium-containing Phagosomes from Macrophages
10:33

Isolation of Salmonella typhimurium-containing Phagosomes from Macrophages

Published on: October 25, 2017

11.2K

Endo-lysosomal proteases in antigen presentation.

Sander I van Kasteren1, Herman S Overkleeft1

  • 1Division of Chemical Biology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Gorlaeus Laboratory, The Netherlands.

Current Opinion in Chemical Biology
|September 13, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Endo-lysosomal proteases are key to the adaptive immune response, influencing antigen presentation and immune receptor activation. Targeting these enzymes offers potential therapeutic strategies for various diseases.

More Related Videos

Purification of the Membrane Compartment for Endoplasmic Reticulum-associated Degradation of Exogenous Antigens in Cross-presentation
12:48

Purification of the Membrane Compartment for Endoplasmic Reticulum-associated Degradation of Exogenous Antigens in Cross-presentation

Published on: August 21, 2017

8.6K
Study of Phagolysosome Biogenesis in Live Macrophages
08:06

Study of Phagolysosome Biogenesis in Live Macrophages

Published on: March 10, 2014

14.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 24, 2026

Isolation of Salmonella typhimurium-containing Phagosomes from Macrophages
10:33

Isolation of Salmonella typhimurium-containing Phagosomes from Macrophages

Published on: October 25, 2017

11.2K
Purification of the Membrane Compartment for Endoplasmic Reticulum-associated Degradation of Exogenous Antigens in Cross-presentation
12:48

Purification of the Membrane Compartment for Endoplasmic Reticulum-associated Degradation of Exogenous Antigens in Cross-presentation

Published on: August 21, 2017

8.6K
Study of Phagolysosome Biogenesis in Live Macrophages
08:06

Study of Phagolysosome Biogenesis in Live Macrophages

Published on: March 10, 2014

14.8K

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Immunology
  • Medicinal Chemistry

Background:

  • Endo-lysosomal proteases are crucial enzymes implicated in various diseases, including cancer and neurodegenerative disorders.
  • Their roles in health and disease necessitate a deeper understanding of their functions.
  • These proteases have been historically challenging targets for drug development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the specific roles of endo-lysosomal proteases in the adaptive immune response.
  • To explore their involvement in critical immunological processes such as antigen presentation.
  • To review early pharmacological intervention strategies targeting these pathways.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on endo-lysosomal proteases and their functions.
  • Analysis of the enzymes' roles in antigen processing and presentation pathways.
  • Examination of existing and potential therapeutic interventions.

Main Results:

  • Endo-lysosomal proteases are integral to antigen presentation, including MHC-II receptor activation.
  • These enzymes are involved in generating antigenic epitopes from pathogens.
  • They also play a role in activating Toll-like receptors, crucial for innate immunity signaling.

Conclusions:

  • Endo-lysosomal proteases are vital components of the adaptive immune system.
  • Understanding their functions in antigen presentation is key to developing new immunotherapies.
  • Pharmacological targeting of these proteases holds promise for treating immune-related diseases.