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Related Concept Videos

Development of the Oral Microbiota01:28

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The establishment of the oral microbiome begins before birth, challenging the long-held belief that the fetal oral cavity is sterile. The presence of oral microbes such as Streptococcus and Fusobacterium in amniotic fluid suggests that microbial exposure may occur in utero, potentially through translocation from the maternal oral or gastrointestinal tract. This early colonization primes the neonatal immune system and sets the stage for subsequent microbial succession. Maternal health,...
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The gut–brain axis is a bidirectional communication system that connects the gastrointestinal tract and the brain. This interaction is mediated through multiple pathways, including the vagus nerve, hormonal signals, immune responses, and chemical messengers produced by gut microbes.Microbial Contributions to Brain FunctionGut microbiota contributes significantly to brain function by producing neuroactive compounds. These include neuroactive compounds that influence neurotransmitters such...
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The human microbiota begins developing at birth and undergoes continual change as we age. Infancy marks a critical period of microbial sensitivity, offering a “window of opportunity” during which beneficial microbes help mature the immune system. By age three, children typically develop a more stable and diverse microbial community. Newborns acquire microbes from their immediate environment; vaginal delivery favors maternal vaginal microbes, while cesarean births favor microbes from...
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Bacterial meningitis typically begins when pathogens such as Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae colonize the nasopharynx and invade the bloodstream. This process is facilitated by bacterial virulence factors, such as polysaccharide capsules, which resist phagocytosis and complement-mediated killing. Less commonly, bacteria reach the central nervous system via contiguous spread from infections like otitis media or sinusitis, through congenital or acquired dural defects, or...
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Bacterial Gastroenteritis01:18

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Bacterial gastroenteritis, characterized by diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and vomiting, is often caused by ingestion of contaminated food or water and is frequently associated with pathogenic Escherichia coli strains. These microbes exploit two principal mechanisms to inflict disease.Shiga toxin–producing E. coli, also referred to as STEC—notably O157:H7—release Shiga toxins that target ribosomes, blocking protein synthesis. The B subunit of the toxin binds the host glycolipid...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 24, 2026

A Neonatal Imaging Model of Gram-Negative Bacterial Sepsis
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Neonatal sepsis: the gut connection.

S Basu1

  • 1Division of Bacteriology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, P33, CIT Road, Scheme XM, Beliaghata, Kolkata, 700010, India, supabasu@yahoo.co.in.

European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases : Official Publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology
|September 13, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Neonatal gut colonization by bacteria, especially Gram-negative bacilli (GNB), can lead to sepsis in vulnerable infants. Understanding this gut-sepsis connection is crucial for preventing infections in newborns.

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Area of Science:

  • Neonatal microbiology
  • Pediatric infectious diseases
  • Gut microbiome research

Background:

  • The neonatal gut is colonized immediately after birth by maternal and environmental bacteria.
  • Neonates, especially premature and low birth weight infants, have vulnerable gut barriers and immune systems.
  • Aerobic Gram-negative bacilli (GNB) readily colonize the neonatal gut and are a major cause of infections in developing countries.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the process of neonatal gut colonization.
  • To explore the link between gut colonization and neonatal sepsis.
  • To highlight the role of Gram-negative bacilli (GNB) in neonatal infections.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of neonatal gut colonization and sepsis.
  • Analysis of factors contributing to neonatal gut vulnerability.
  • Discussion of the impact of antibiotic use on gut flora.

Main Results:

  • Neonatal gut colonization patterns influence susceptibility to sepsis.
  • Gram-negative bacilli (GNB) are significant pathogens in neonatal infections, particularly in developing nations.
  • Antibiotic use in NICUs can promote colonization by antibiotic-resistant bacteria.

Conclusions:

  • The neonatal gut microbiome plays a critical role in host defense and susceptibility to infection.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the complex relationship between gut colonization and neonatal sepsis.
  • Strategies to modulate the neonatal gut microbiome may offer novel approaches for sepsis prevention.