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School performance after preterm birth.

Fredrik Ahlsson1, Magnus Kaijser, Johanna Adami

  • 1From the aDepartment of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; bClincial Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; cDepartment of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; and dDepartment of Economics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.

Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.)
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Summary

Preterm birth after 30 weeks is not linked to poorer school performance. The study suggests other factors, not prematurity itself, influence academic outcomes for these children.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Preterm birth is linked to poorer school performance, but the cause remains unclear.
  • Distinguishing between preterm birth effects and confounding factors is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between gestational duration and school performance.
  • To determine if factors other than preterm birth per se contribute to academic disparities.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized Swedish national registers for birth and school data (1974-1991).
  • Employed linear regression, controlling for parental and socioeconomic factors.
  • Conducted sibling-only analyses to minimize confounding variables.

Main Results:

  • Preterm birth showed a negative correlation with school performance.
  • The association persisted after controlling for confounders.
  • Sibling analyses revealed the link vanished after 30 weeks gestation, but remained for earlier preterm births.

Conclusions:

  • The association between preterm birth after 30 weeks and school performance is likely due to other factors.
  • Preterm birth before 30 weeks may still have a direct impact on academic outcomes.