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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 24, 2026

Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators
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Heat-machine control by quantum-state preparation: from quantum engines to refrigerators.

D Gelbwaser-Klimovsky1, G Kurizki1

  • 1Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel.

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics
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PubMed
Summary

Quantum states can enhance heat machine performance. Initializing the piston in specific quantum states, like coherent or Fock states, can surpass classical thermodynamic limits for engines and refrigerators.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Thermodynamics
  • Statistical Mechanics
  • Quantum Optics

Background:

  • Prevailing semiclassical descriptions of autonomous heat machines involve external driving.
  • A fully quantized treatment is needed to explore quantum state influences on heat machine performance.
  • Quantum states are increasingly recognized as potential resources in thermodynamic processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a fully quantized treatment of self-contained (autonomous) heat machines.
  • To explore the dependence of heat engine and refrigerator performance bounds on initial quantum states.
  • To investigate work extraction and refrigeration beyond classical limits using quantum resources.

Main Methods:

  • Modeling the piston as a quantized harmonic oscillator.
  • Utilizing stationary simultaneous interaction of two heat baths with a two-level system coupled to the piston.
  • Applying quantum-optical amplifier and dissipation theory, analyzing phase-plane quasiprobability distributions.

Main Results:

  • Quantum states act as thermodynamic resources, controlling heat machine efficiency.
  • Pistons initialized in coherent states can enable engines to exceed the Carnot bound.
  • Pistons initialized in Fock states can allow refrigerators to surpass the Carnot bound.

Conclusions:

  • A fully quantized approach reveals quantum states as crucial for advanced thermodynamic performance.
  • Initialization of quantum systems in specific states offers a pathway to break classical thermodynamic limits.
  • This framework opens new avenues for designing highly efficient quantum heat engines and refrigerators.