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Excess Pressure Inside a Drop and a Bubble

Excess Pressure Inside a Drop and a Bubble

The shape of a small drop of liquid can be considered spherical, neglecting the effect of gravity. This drop can further be considered as two equal hemispherical drops put together due to surface tension. The forces acting on the spherical drop are due to the pressure of the liquid inside the drop, the pressure due to air outside the drop, and the force due to the surface tension acting on the two hemispherical drops.

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An object absorbing an electromagnetic wave would experience a force in the direction of propagation of the wave. This force occurs because electromagnetic waves contain and transport momentum. The force accounts for the wave's radiation pressure exerted on the object. Maxwell's prediction was confirmed in 1903 by Nichols and Hull by precisely measuring radiation pressures with a torsion balance. The measuring instrument had mirrors suspended from a fiber kept inside a glass container.

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The radiation pressure applied by an electromagnetic wave on a perfectly absorbing surface equals the energy density of the wave. The wave's momentum also gets transferred to the surface when an electromagnetic wave is entirely absorbed by it. The rate at which momentum is transmitted to an absorbing surface perpendicular to the propagation direction equals the force on the surface.
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Induction of Microstreaming by Nonspherical Bubble Oscillations in an Acoustic Levitation System

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Photoacoustic radiation force on a microbubble.

Hakan Erkol¹, Esra Aytac-Kipergil¹, Mehmet Burcin Unlu¹

¹Department of Physics, Bogazici University, Bebek, 34342 Istanbul, Turkey.

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics

|September 13, 2014

Summary

Researchers explored the radiation force on microbubbles using pulsed lasers and photoacoustic waves. Laser parameters significantly influence this force, enabling precise manipulation for applications like drug delivery.

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Area of Science:

Acoustic physics
Biomedical engineering
Laser physics

Background:

Photoacoustic waves are generated by pulsed lasers interacting with absorbers.
Microbubbles are sensitive to acoustic forces and have potential biomedical applications.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the radiation force on microbubbles induced by photoacoustic waves.
To analyze the impact of pulsed laser parameters on this radiation force.
To explore the potential for precise microbubble manipulation.

Main Methods:

Developed a comprehensive analytical solution for the photoacoustic wave equation using Fourier transforms.
Derived an expression for radiation force incorporating laser parameters (pulse duration, beamwidth).
Calculated the primary radiation force on a microbubble relative to a photoacoustic source.

Main Results:

Pulsed laser parameters and microbubble position significantly affect the radiation force.
Tunable laser technology allows for adjustable radiation force application.
High spatial control is achievable with focused optics, potentially surpassing piezoelectric sources.
Matching source wavelength to absorber's peak absorption enhances radiation force.

Conclusions:

Photoacoustic radiation force offers a controllable method for microbubble manipulation.
This technique has potential applications in targeted drug and gene delivery.
It may enable advanced in vivo applications for microbubble-based therapies.