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Coarsening dynamics of binary Bose condensates.

Johannes Hofmann1, Stefan S Natu1, S Das Sarma1

  • 1Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742-4111, USA.

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We investigated domain formation in Bose-Einstein condensates after a phase transition. The study reveals universal scaling laws and a critical exponent of 0.68(2) for inviscid hydrodynamic domain growth.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum physics
  • Condensed matter physics
  • Ultracold atomic gases

Background:

  • Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) exhibit rich quantum phenomena.
  • Phase transitions in BECs, such as miscible-immiscible transitions, are crucial for understanding their emergent properties.
  • Domain formation and coarsening dynamics are key features following such transitions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the dynamics of domain formation and coarsening in a binary Bose-Einstein condensate.
  • To analyze the universal late-time evolution governed by scaling laws.
  • To extract critical exponents characterizing domain growth and autocorrelations.

Main Methods:

  • Numerical simulations of a binary Bose-Einstein condensate quenched across a miscible-immiscible phase transition.
  • Determination of scaling forms for correlation functions.
  • Analysis of domain wall configurations and their impact on correlation functions.

Main Results:

  • The late-time evolution of the system follows universal scaling laws.
  • The data are consistent with inviscid hydrodynamic domain growth.
  • A universal dynamical critical exponent of 1/z=0.68(2) was determined.
  • Domain wall configurations introduce a nonanalytic term in the pair correlation function, creating a measurable "Porod" tail in the static structure factor.

Conclusions:

  • The study confirms universal scaling laws in the late-time evolution of domain coarsening in binary BECs.
  • Inviscid hydrodynamic growth is the dominant mechanism, characterized by a specific critical exponent.
  • The presence of domain walls leads to experimentally observable features in the static structure factor.