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Related Concept Videos

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Working memory refers to a combination of components, including short-term memory and attention, that allow an individual to hold information temporarily as we perform cognitive tasks. It is an essential cognitive function that enables the execution of complex tasks such as problem-solving, comprehension, and reasoning. Unlike short-term memory, which simply involves the storage of information for a brief period, working memory involves the active manipulation and processing of this...
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Language is a system of communication that allows the expression of thoughts, ideas, and feelings. The brain processes language in both hemispheres.
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Improving short-term memory can be achieved through techniques like chunking and rehearsal. Chunking involves organizing information into larger, more manageable units. This technique is particularly useful for information that exceeds the typical memory span of between five and nine items. For instance, logging into an online account with a password like "ta89vq0179gz" involves grouping letters and numbers into three chunks—ta89, vq01, and 79gz. It makes large amounts of...
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A schema is a mental framework that helps individuals organize and interpret information. Schemata, formed from previous experiences, influence how we process new information: how we encode it, the inferences we make, and how we retrieve it. For instance, a schema for what a typical classroom looks like might include desks, a teacher's desk, a whiteboard, and students in such an environment. This expectation helps us quickly understand and navigate new classrooms without needing to analyze...
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The cerebellum, while traditionally associated with motor control, also plays a crucial role in memory, particularly in procedural memory, which involves learning motor tasks that become automatic through repetition. For example, studies have shown that when the cerebellum is damaged, individuals or animals lose the ability to learn conditioned motor responses, such as the conditioned eye-blink response in classical conditioning experiments with rabbits. This study demonstrates the...
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Elaborative rehearsal is a crucial cognitive strategy that strengthens information encoding in long-term memory by making meaningful connections between new data and pre-existing knowledge. This approach contrasts with maintenance rehearsal, which involves simple repetition without delving into the significance of the information. While maintenance rehearsal might temporarily keep information active in short-term memory, it is less effective for long-term retention.
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Examining Online Syntactic Processing of Spoken Complex Sentences in Chinese Using Dual-Modal Interference Tasks
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Working memory and planning during sentence production.

Randi C Martin1, Hao Yan1, Tatiana T Schnur1

  • 1Department of Psychology, Rice University, Houston, USA.

Acta Psychologica
|September 13, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Sentence planning involves working memory (WM). This study found that while complex sentences require more planning time, WM load did not affect this, suggesting syntactic planning is independent of WM storage.

Keywords:
Advance planningSentence productionWorking memory

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Psycholinguistics
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Sentence production involves retrieving conceptual, syntactic, and lexical information before articulation.
  • The specific type of working memory (WM) store utilized for holding planned information prior to speech remains an area of investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of different working memory (WM) stores in holding planned information during sentence production.
  • To determine if WM load affects the planning of complex syntactic structures.

Main Methods:

  • Participants produced sentences with either simple or complex initial noun phrases.
  • Working memory load was manipulated by having participants simultaneously hold semantic, phonological, or spatial information.
  • Onset latencies and error types (syntactic, lexical) were measured.

Main Results:

  • Longer onset latencies were observed for sentences starting with complex noun phrases, indicating phrasal scope planning.
  • The magnitude of the complexity effect on onset latency was not influenced by the type of WM load.
  • An increase in syntactic errors, but not lexical errors, occurred for complex noun phrases.

Conclusions:

  • Advance planning for complex noun phrases in sentence production appears to operate at a syntactic level.
  • The independence of this syntactic planning from WM load suggests specialized cognitive mechanisms.
  • Future research should explore the precise nature of the WM stores involved in sentence planning.